c. 953 BC: Alternative date to the founding of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Foundation Myths, Chronology, Early Republic, Iron Age, Latium, Ancient greece

April 21, 753 BC: Rome founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Kingdom, Romulus, City-State, Political Development

Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended his rule.

Tags: Roman Kingdom, Romulus, Monarchy, Ancient rome, Mythology, Foundation Myths, Political Transition

Romulus, king of Rome, r. 753–716 BC

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Roman Kingdom, Romulus, Political History, Early Rome

Start of the reign of Roman King Numa Pompilius.

Tags: Roman Kingdom, Monarchy, Early Rome, Numa Pompilius, Ancient rome

Numa Pompilius creates the office of Pontifex Maximus.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Kingdom, Religion, Religious Institutions, Priesthood, Numa Pompilius, Pontifex Maximus

Tullus Hostilius becomes king of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Kingdom, Monarchy, Early Rome, Latium

Numa Pompilius, king of Rome, r. 715–672 BC

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Political History, Governance, Early Rome, Numa Pompilius, Ancient Italy

Ancus Marcius becomes king of Rome (traditional date).

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Kingdom, Monarchy, Succession, Latium

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes king of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Roman Kingdom, Political Transition

Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as King of Rome (traditional date).

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Kingdom, Monarchy, Succession, Political Transition

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus becomes King of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Roman Kingdom, Political Transition, Tyranny

End of reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, last King of the traditional seven Kings of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Republic, Political Transition, Consuls, Etruscans

Establishment of the Roman Republic.

Tags: Ancient rome, Republicanism, Political Transition, Consuls, Oligarchy, Classical Antiquity, Foundation

13 September 509 BC: The Temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the Ides of September.

Tags: Ancient rome, Religion, Temple, Jupiter, Architecture

Office of pontifex maximus created in Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Religion, Priesthood, Religious Authority, Pontifex Maximus, State Religion

First pair of Roman consuls elected.

Tags: Ancient rome, Government, Elections, Republicanism

In response to threats by the Sabines, Rome creates the office of dictator.

Tags: Ancient rome, Dictatorship, Military, Early Rome, Warfare, Governance

Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.

Tags: Ancient rome, Religion, Temple, Circus Maximus, Religious Architecture, Cults

Two tribunes of the plebs and two plebeian aediles are elected for the first time in Rome: the office of the tribunate is established.

Tags: Ancient rome, Plebeians, Patricians, Political Development, Class Struggle

Cincinnatus becomes consul of the Roman Republic.

Tags: Ancient rome, Magistracy, Political Office, Cincinnatus

The decemviri come to power in the Roman Republic. They enact the twelve tables, the foundation of Roman Law.

Tags: Ancient rome, Law, Legal Code, Government

The Twelve Tables are promulgated to the people of Rome—the first public laws of the Roman Republic.

Tags: Ancient rome, Law, Legislation, Justice, Social Reform, Political History, Constitution, Citizenship, Legal Code

Romans revolt against the decemvirate. The decemvirs resign and the tribunate is re-established.

Tags: Ancient rome, Rebellion, Social Unrest, Patricians, Plebeians

The Lacus Curtius is created by a lightning strike in Rome. It is consecrated by Gaius, Mettius or Marcus Curtius.

Tags: Ancient rome, Mythology, Republican Era, Religion

The Roman Republic creates the office of censor, initially exclusive to patricians.

Tags: Ancient rome, Patricians, Magistracy, Social Class, Voting Rights

According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.

Tags: Ancient rome, Patricians, Plebeians, Political Assassination, Famine, Dictatorship, Internal Conflict

Andriscus, last independent ruler of Macedon

Tags: Ancient rome, Ancient greece, Political Conflict, Military History, Expansionism, Antigonid Dynasty, Rebellion

Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 143 BC), Roman consul and censor

Tags: Ancient rome, Censorship, Roman Aristocracy, Classical Antiquity

Gaius Gracchus, Roman politician

Tags: Ancient rome, Populism, Political Violence, Optimates

Gaius Marius, Roman general and politician

Tags: Ancient rome, Gaius Marius, Elections, Military

Publius Mucius Scaevola (triumphator), Roman politician

Tags: Ancient rome, Triumph, Military

Cyrene is left to the people of Rome by its ruler Ptolemy Apion.

Tags: Ancient rome, Legacy, Ancient greece, Annexation, Territorial Expansion, Ptolemaic Dynasty, Succession

Sulla is appointed dictator of the Roman state, and brings about major reforms.

Tags: Ancient rome, Dictatorship, Sulla, Political Reform, Civil War, Optimates

Cicero denounces and defeats the Catilinarian conspiracy.

Tags: Ancient rome, Cicero, Political Intrigue, Oratory, Conspiracy, Republicanism, Political Crisis

Pompey captures Jerusalem, and establishes Roman annexation of Judea as a client kingdom. He also permanently abolishes Seleucid Syria. Aristobulus II...

Tags: Ancient rome, Seleucid Empire, Client Kingdom, Annexation, Pompey the Great, Political Transition, Ancient greece

Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form the First Triumvirate

Tags: Ancient rome, Julius Caesar, Political Alliance, Power Struggle

Clodius becomes the leading figure in Roman urban politics. Cicero goes into exile.

Tags: Ancient rome, Exile, Cicero, Political Intrigue

Cicero recalled from exile through the machinations of Milo and his mob.

Tags: Ancient rome, Cicero, Exile, Political Intrigue, Law

Clodius dies during mob violence in Rome. His followers burn down the Senate house.

Tags: Ancient rome, Political Violence, Civil Unrest, Optimates

Pompey joins the Optimates and becomes sole Consul in Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Pompey the Great, Optimates, Political Intrigue, Power Struggle

Julius Caesar named Dictator perpetuo

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Dictatorship, Julius Caesar, Political Power, Civil War, Republic to Empire

Assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Assassination, Dictatorship, Civil War, Political Intrigue, Caesar, Republic to Empire

Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus form the Second Triumvirate and take control of Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Octavian, Mark Antony, Civil War, Power Struggle, Political Alliance

Octavian annexes Egypt.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Octavian, Political Transition, Imperialism, Expansionism, Ancient greece, Annexation

the Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus. Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the Roman senate becoming the first ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Principate, Augustus, Ancient rome, Republic, Emperor, Political Transition, Imperialism, Governance

Galatia annexed by Rome after the death of Amyntas of Galatia.

Tags: Roman Empire, Annexation, Galatia, Ancient rome, Political Expansion, Provinces, Imperialism, Ancient greece

Sextus Afranius Burrus, Roman praetorian prefect (d. AD 62)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Imperial Administration, Nero, Death

Following the death of Lucius Caesar, Augustus allows his stepson Tiberius back into Rome as a private citizen, after six years of enforced retirement...

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Tiberius, Succession, Political Intrigue, Imperial Politics, Principate

AD 2, August 20 – Lucius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (b. 17 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Monarchy, Births, Ancient rome

Gaius Marcius Censorinus, Roman consul (approximate date)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government, Leadership

The rule of Emperor Augustus is renewed for a ten-year period.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Emperor, Imperial Rule, Leadership, Ancient rome

Tiberius Claudius Balbilus, Roman politician and astrologer (d. AD 79)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Astrology, Birth, Claudius

Emperor Augustus summons Tiberius to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time, Agrippa Postumus, the last son of Marcus Vips...

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Emperor, Augustus, Tiberius, Monarchy, Ancient rome

Tiberius also adopts Germanicus as his own heir.

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Tiberius, Germanicus, Imperial Politics, Principate, Augustus

A pact of non-aggression and friendship is signed between the Roman Empire, represented by Tiberius, and the German tribe the Cherusci, represented by...

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Arminius, Diplomacy, Germanic Tribes, Military

Livilla marries Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Tiberius.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Marriage, Monarchy, Political Alliance, Succession

Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, Roman consul

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Government

Rome acknowledges Cunobelinus, king of the Catuvellauni, as king of Britain.

Tags: Roman Empire, Catuvellauni, Client Kingdom, Political Recognition, Diplomacy, Governance

The Germanic tribes of Cimbri and Charydes send ambassadors to Rome.

Tags: Ancient rome, Germanic Tribes, Diplomacy, Barbarians, Cimbri

A pamphletting campaign in Rome is quashed by the Princeps Augustus. Publius Plautius Rufus is accused but found innocent of the crime.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Censorship, Imperial Rule, Legal System, Political Dissent, Ancient rome

Princeps Augustus banishes Agrippa Postumus, one of his adopted sons, to the island of Planasia.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Imperial Politics, Succession, Exile, Family, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome

Gaius Manlius Valens, Roman senator and consul (d. AD 96)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician (d. AD 39)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Death

Milonia Caesonia, Roman empress (d. AD 41)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Emperors, Birth

Nero Julius Caesar, son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (d. AD 30)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Germanicus, Agrippina the Elder, Birth

The Temple of Castor and Pollux is rededicated in Rome by Tiberius after being destroyed by fire in 14 BC.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Religion, Tiberius, Architecture, Imperial Cult

Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus, Roman consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governance

Construction of the Temple of Concord begins.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Temple, Religion, Architecture, Construction, Augustus

Tincomarus, deposed king of the Atrebates, flees Britain for Rome; Eppillus becomes king.

Tags: Ancient rome, Monarchy, Deposition, Succession, Roman Empire, Migration, Iron Age

Vipsania Julia is exiled. Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced. Augustus breaks off the engagement of Claudius to Paullus' daughter Ae...

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Exile, Monarchy, Claudius, Marriage, Ancient rome

Drusus Caesar, member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (d. AD 33)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Succession, Augustus, Tiberius

Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul and brother of Vespasian (d. AD 69)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Biography

Senatus consultum Silanianum is adopted.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Law, Justice, Slavery, Crime, Legal History

Quirinius returns from Judea to become a counselor to Tiberius.

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Imperial Court, Tiberius, Ancient rome

Emperor Augustus initiates his third census of the Roman Empire after 20 years.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Census, Governance, Administration, Taxation, Population, Ancient rome, Political History

The Senate passes a senatus consultum restricting the reduced Vigintisexviri to the Ordo Equester.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Social Class, Legislation

Augustus' third (and final) 20-year census of the Roman Empire reports a total of 4,973,000 citizens.

Tags: Roman Empire, Census, Augustus, Governance, Population, Ancient rome, Administration, Citizenship

September 18 – Tiberius succeeds his stepfather Augustus as Roman emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Tiberius, Augustus, Succession

Sextus Appuleius and Sextus Pompeius serve as Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Augustus, Political Office, Government

August 19 – Augustus, the first Roman emperor, dies and is declared to be a god.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Emperor, Religion, Imperial Cult, Ancient rome, Death, Hellenistic World

In Rome, the election of magistrates passes from the people to the Emperor and the Senate.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Augustus, Governance, Centralization

Lucius Aelius Sejanus becomes Praetorian prefect.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Power Struggle, Military, Imperial Administration

Maroboduus, king of the Marcomanni, is deposed by Catualda. This ends the threat to the Romans from Germanic tribes until the reign of Marcus Aureliu...

Tags: Roman Empire, Germanic Tribes, Marcomanni, Political Intrigue, Barbarian Invasions, Ancient rome, Tribal Politics

Germanicus Julius Caesar, commander in chief of the Roman legions in the East and beloved by the legionaries, falls ill and dies. On his deathbed he a...

Tags: Roman Empire, Imperial Politics, Germanicus, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Death, Succession, Poisoning, Military, Ancient rome

Tiberius, Roman Emperor (AD 14–37)

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Germanicus, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Monarchy, Trial, Ancient rome, Justice

Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola, Roman consul (d. after AD 59)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Government

Tigellinus, Roman Praetorian prefect (d. AD 69)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Figures, Imperial History, Births

August 31 – Caligula, Roman emperor (d. 41 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Birth, Ancient rome, Emperor, Caligula

Marcus Junius Silanus, Roman consul (d. AD 54)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Government

September 24 – Vitellius, Roman emperor (d. AD 69)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Birth, Roman Emperors

Lucius Verginius Rufus, Roman consul (d. AD 97)

Tags: Roman Empire, Republic, Ancient rome, Political Figures, Births

October 10 – Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius (d. c. 38 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Tiberius, Succession, Birth

August 20 – Agrippa Postumus, grandson of Augustus and former heir to the Empire (b. 12 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Succession, Monarchy, Executions, Tiberius, Ancient rome

Gnaeus Pompeius (Rufus), Roman consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus (b. 39 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Monarchy, Death, Ancient rome, Power Struggles, Succession

Sempronius Gracchus, Roman nobleman

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nobility, Death

Lucius Seius Strabo, Roman praetorian prefect (b. 46 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Imperial Administration, Tiberius, Military, Power, Political Intrigue

September 13 – Marcus Scribonius Libo, Roman senator (forced to commit suicide)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Suicide, Imperial Power, Augustus, Tiberius

Clemens, Roman slave and impostor (executed by Tiberius)

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Execution, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Rebellion

Cotys III (or Cotys VIII), Roman client king of Thrace

Tags: Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Imperialism, Diplomacy, Political Alliances

Pope Linus, Pope in Catholic church (d. AD 76)

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Religious Leaders, Early Church Fathers, Religious History

Quintus Pedius, Roman (deaf) painter (approximate date)

Tags: Roman Empire, Art, Painting, Ancient rome, Visual Arts

Galba, the future emperor, is a Roman praetor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Galba, Praetor

Emperor Tiberius is forced to order an investigation and a public trial in the Roman Senate, for the murder of Germanicus. Fearing he will be found gu...

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Germanicus, Piso, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Imperial Politics, Trials, Suicide

Emperor Tiberius is a Roman Consul for the fourth time.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Tiberius, Government

The Romans create a buffer state in the territory of the Quadi, in southern Slovakia.

Tags: Roman Empire, Quadi, Ancient rome, Military Strategy

Drusus Julius Caesar receives the tribunicia potestas (tribunician power).

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Augustus, Succession, Principate

Emperor Tiberius' son Drusus Julius Caesar dies. From that point forward, he seems to lose interest in the Empire and occupies himself with the pursu...

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Succession, Imperial Politics, Roman Emperors, Ancient rome, Political Instability

Lucius Aelius Sejanus begins to dominate the Roman Senate and Tiberius, after the death of Drusus.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Tiberius, Sejanus, Imperial Power, Intrigue, Political Intrigue

June 30 – The consuls Servius Cornelius Cethegus and Lucius Visellius Varro left office, having overseen the passage of two laws regarding slavery: th...

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Slavery, Citizenship, Social Hierarchy, Legal Reform

July 1 – Midway through the Roman year 777 A.U.C., Gaius Calpurnius Aviola and Publius Lentulus Scipio begin the new consular year as the new consuls...

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Government, Political Office, Administration

Emperor Tiberius settles a dispute between Messenia and Sparta over the Ager Dentheliales on Mount Taygetus, awarding the land to Messenia.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient greece, Tiberius, Imperial Authority

Lucius Aelius Sejanus unsuccessfully attempts to marry Livilla.

Tags: Roman Empire, Marriage, Monarchy, Power Struggle, Sejanus, Tiberius, Ancient rome

Emperor Tiberius retires to Capri, leaving the Praetorian Guard under Lucius Aelius Sejanus in charge of the Roman Empire and the city of Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Sejanus, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Roman Emperors, Power Struggle, Political Intrigue

An Arc of Triumph is erected in Rimini, in honor of the former Emperor Augustus.

Tags: Roman Empire, Architecture, Triumphal Arch, Augustus, Public Works, Ancient rome, Monument, Art History, Roman Art

Agrippina the Elder is exiled to the island of Pandataria, and her sons (except Caligula) are imprisoned by Lucius Aelius Sejanus.

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Exile, Imprisonment, Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder, Caligula, Succession

Aulus Plautius, later military leader of the invasion of Britain under Emperor Claudius, becomes suffect consul alongside Lucius Nonius Asprenas.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Claudius, Imperial Administration

Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Roman statesman and governor of Syria (b. 44 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governors, Tiberius, Investigation, Trial, Death

Vipsania Agrippina, wife of Gaius Asinius Gallus and former wife of Tiberius (b. 36 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Tiberius, Death, Augustan Era

Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus, Roman consul (b. 11 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Augustus, Tiberius

Gaius Ateius Capito, Roman jurist and suffect consul (b. c. 30 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Legal System, Augustus

September 14 – Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Emperor Tiberius (b. 14 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Tiberius, Succession, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Death

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, Roman consul (b. 54 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Figures, Death

Lucius Antonius, grandson of Mark Antony (b. 20 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Mark Antony, Political Intrigue, Succession

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman consul (b. 49 BC)

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Augustus

Claudia Pulchra, cousin and close friend to Agrippina the Elder (b. 14 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Trials, Monarchy, Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder, Corruption, Ancient rome

Quintus Haterius, Roman politician

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Accusation, Defense

Gaius Fufius Geminus, Roman plebeian tribune and consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

On orders of Sejanus, Agrippina the Elder and her sons Nero and Drusus were exiled and died under suspicious circumstances, part of Sejanus's purge of...

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Sejanus, Agrippina the Elder, Exile, Assassination, Succession, Claudius, Tiberius

Lucius Aelius Sejanus is named co-Consul to Emperor Tiberius. However, Tiberius becomes aware of Sejanus' treachery and has him arrested and executed...

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Treason, Tyranny, Tiberius, Power Struggle

Rome intervenes in Armenia (AD 34–37).

Tags: Roman Empire, Interventionism, Imperialism, Military, Roman Emperors

Emperor Tiberius names Caligula (aka Gaius) and Gamellus, a grandson, as co-heirs.

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Imperial Politics, Tiberius, Caligula, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Roman Emperors

Pontius Pilate is recalled to Rome, after putting down a Samaritan uprising.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Rebellion, Provincial Administration, Roman Governors, Political Instability

March 18 – The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will, and proclaims Caligula as Roman Emperor, nullifying the joint claim of Tiberius Gemellus. Caligula...

Tags: Roman Empire, Caligula, Ancient rome, Emperor, Succession, Imperialism

October – Caligula becomes seriously ill, or perhaps is poisoned. He recovers from his illness, but Caligula turns toward the diabolical: he starts to...

Tags: Roman Empire, Caligula, Emperor, Tyranny, Political Instability, Ancient rome, Imperial Power, Assassination

Apion heads a deputation to Emperor Caligula, to complain about the Jews in Alexandria.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Caligula, Religious Conflict, Antisemitism, Religious Violence

Tigellinus, minister and favorite of the later Roman emperor Nero, is banished for adultery with Caligula's sisters.

Tags: Roman Empire, Adultery, Exile, Nero, Caligula, Imperial Court, Ancient rome

Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Caligula, Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo

Gaius Caesar Germanicus/Caligula, Roman Emperor (AD 37–41)

Tags: Roman Empire, Caligula, Emperor, Tyranny, Ancient rome, Autocracy

Claudius, statesman, Consul, and future Roman Emperor, in office (as Consul) 37

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Claudius, Government, Political Office

Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus, Roman consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office

Gaius Rubellius Plautus, son of Gaius Rubellius Blandus and Julia Livia (granddaughter of Tiberius) (d. AD 62)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Birth, Aristocracy, Tiberius

Decimus Valerius Asiaticus, Roman senator and governor

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governorship, Imperial Administration

Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, Roman prefect (approximate date)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Prefect, Imperial Administration, Bureaucracy

Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus, Roman senator (d. AD 93)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Senator, Imperial Era, Biographies

October 18 – Lucius Aelius Sejanus, Roman prefect and advisor (b. 20 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Tyranny, Corruption, Ancient rome, Execution, Power Struggle

Claudia Livia Julia, niece and daughter-in-law of Tiberius (b. 13 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Tiberius, Monarchy, Political Intrigue, Death

Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus, grandson and heir of Tiberius (b. AD 6)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Caesar, Emperor, Succession, Birth

Decimus Haterius Agrippa, Roman consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul (b. 48 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government, Political Office

Gaius Asinius Gallus, widower of Vipsania Agrippina and alleged lover of Agrippina the elder (starvation)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Tiberius, Caligula, Political Intrigue, Death, Imprisonment

Lucius Aelius Larnia, Roman consul, governor and praefectus urbi in Rome (natural causes; b. c. 45 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governors, Roman Officials

Munatia Plancina, wife of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (suicide)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Suicide, Caligula, Accusation, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Elite, Women in Ancient Rome

Lucius Fulcinius Trio, Roman senator and suffect consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Lucius Arruntius (the Younger), Roman politician

Tags: Roman Empire, Death, Ancient rome, Imperial Roman Era, Tiberius, Caligula, Aristocracy, Intrigue

Marcus Junius Silanus, Roman politician (b. c. 26 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Figures

Archelaus of Cilicia, Roman client king

Tags: Roman Empire, Client Kingdoms, Ancient rome, Pax Romana, Imperial Authority, Ancient greece, Tiberius

Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius (b. AD 19)

Tags: Roman Empire, Caligula, Succession, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Tyranny, Executions, Power Struggles

Philo leads a Jewish delegation to Rome to protest the anti-Jewish conditions in Alexandria.

Tags: Ancient rome, Ancient greece, Judaism, Philo of Alexandria, Jewish Diaspora, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Diplomacy

Jesus Christ, founding figure of Christianity, (ca. 4 BC–ca. AD 33)

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Movements, Judaism, Paul the Apostle

Saint Peter, Apostle and first Bishop of Rome (c.30-c.64)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Missionary Work, Religious History

Josephus, Romano-Jewish historian (d. c. 100 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, History, Historiography, Jewish History, Josephus, First Jewish-Roman War, Religious Texts

Jesus of Nazareth (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Early Church, Roman Empire, Religious Missions, Paul the Apostle, Hellenistic World

Emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Caligula, Imperial Rule, Dictatorship

Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Autocracy, Tyranny, Emperor, Political Instability, Ancient rome, Ancient greece, Caligula, Principate

January 24 Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards. Claudius succeeds his nephe...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Assassination, Succession, Ancient rome, Claudius, Caligula

January 25 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as emperor by the Senate.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Claudius, Succession, Political Intrigue, Imperial Politics

Messalina, wife of Claudius, persuades Claudius to have Seneca the Younger banished to Corsica on a charge of adultery with Julia Livilla.

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Messalina, Seneca the Younger, Exile, Political Intrigue, 40s AD, Imperial Court, Corruption

Claudius restores religious freedom to Jews throughout the empire, but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Religious Freedom, Claudius, Antiquity, Jewish Diaspora, Imperial Decree, Legal History

Julia Livia, daughter of Drusus Julius Caesar, is executed at the instigation of Claudius' wife Messalina.

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Messalina, Monarchy, Execution, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, 40s CE, Power Struggle

The Isle of Rhodes returns to the Roman Empire.

Tags: Roman Empire, Rhodes, Territorial Control, Imperialism, Ancient rome, Expansion

Emperor Claudius expels the Jews from Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Expulsion, Religious Violence, Antisemitism, Diaspora

Paul of Tarsus begins his missionary travels, according to one traditional dating scheme.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Missionary Work, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Religious Expansion

Claudius revives the censorship and ludi saeculares, and organises the order of the Haruspices, with 60 members.

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Religion, Censorship, Ancient rome

After the execution of his wife Messalina, Claudius gets senatorial approval to marry his niece, Agrippina the Younger.

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Agrippina the Younger, Marriage, Imperial Politics, Succession, Ancient rome, Family

Gallic nobles are admitted to the Roman Senate. Claudius grants the rights of citizenship to the Aedui.

Tags: Roman Empire, Citizenship, Ancient rome, Claudius, Romanization, Political Integration, Provincial Administration

Emperor Claudius marries his niece Agrippina the Younger (approximate date), and most of the real power falls to Agrippina.

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Claudius, Agrippina the Younger, Marriage, Power Struggle, Ancient rome

Seneca the Younger becomes Nero's tutor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Seneca the Younger, Imperial Politics, Ancient rome, Education, Classical Antiquity, Political Influence

Agrippina the Younger charges Octavia's first fiancé Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus with incest. He is brought before the Senate, and sentenced to de...

Tags: Roman Empire, Intrigue, Claudius, Agrippina the Younger, Ancient rome, Succession, Imperial Court

Gaius Caesar Germanicus/Caligula (AD 37–41).

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Assassination, Claudius, Ancient rome, Tyranny

Agrippina the Younger, Empress Roman and Real Power behind the throne (AD 49–54)

Tags: Roman Empire, Imperial Politics, Agrippina the Younger, Empress, Nero, Power Struggle, Political Intrigue

Titus Petronius Secundus, Roman prefect (d. AD 97)

Tags: Roman Empire, Birth, Prefect, Ancient rome

Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus, Roman politician (d. 136)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Biographies, 1st Century

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the Younger (b. 17 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Death, Agrippina the Younger, Claudius

Faustus Cornelius Sulla, Roman politician and suffect consul

Tags: Ancient rome, Political Office, Civil War

January 24 Caligula, Roman emperor (assassinated) (b. 12 AD) Julia Drusilla, daughter of Caligula (assassinated) (b. 39 AD) Milonia Caesonia, wife of ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Assassination, Ancient rome, Emperor, Caligula, Political Instability, Political Violence

Julia Livilla, daughter of Germanicus (starved to death) (b. 18 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Political Intrigue, Execution, Claudius, Germanicus, Tiberius

Gaius Appius Junius Silanus, Roman consul (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Execution, Claudius

Aemilia Lepida, Roman noblewoman, fiancee of Claudius (b. 5 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Conspiracy, Roman Nobility, Political Intrigue, 1st Century

Marcus Vinicius, Roman consul and governor (b. c. 5 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governor, Imperial Administration

Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, Roman consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Government

Gaius Silius, Roman politician (b. AD 13)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Intrigue, Corruption, Execution, Claudius, Messalina

Lollia Paulina, Roman noblewoman and empress (b. AD 15)

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Imperial Court, Exile, Nobility, Ancient rome, Death

Christianity spreads into Europe, especially at Rome and at Philippi (probable date according to chronology derived from the Acts of the Apostles).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Roman Empire, Apostles, Missionary Work, Religious Conversion, Paul the Apostle, Acts of the Apostles

Sixtus I, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 124)

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Early Church Fathers

Claudius adopts Nero.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Claudius, Succession, Ancient rome, Adoption

Roman emperor Claudius appoints Agrippa II governor of Chalcis.

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Provincial Administration, Herodian Dynasty, Client Kingdom, Claudius, Agrippa II, Chalcis

The Epistle to the Romans is written (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Early Church, Theology, Roman Empire, Biblical Literature, Religious Doctrine, Epistles

Emperor Claudius and future emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus are Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Claudius, Vespasian, Imperial Administration, Political Office

Burrus, praetorian prefect (51–62 AD), charges Seneca with the education of Nero.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Education, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Political Influence

The captured Caratacus is exhibited in chains in Claudius' triumph in Rome, but his dignified demeanour persuades the emperor to spare his life and al...

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Triumph, Claudius, Caratacus, British History, Conquest, Warfare

Barea Soranus is consul suffectus in Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Ananias, a high priest in Jerusalem, is sent to Rome after being accused of violence.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, High Priest, Religious Violence, Jewish History

Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus and Quintus Haterius Antoninus become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Governance

Claudius secures a senatorial decree that gives jurisdiction in financial cases to imperial procurators. This marks a significant strengthening of im...

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Ancient rome, Imperial Power, Legal Reform, Government

June 9 – Nero is adopted by Claudius as his son and marries his 14-year-old daughter Claudia Octavia.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Claudius, Succession, Marriage, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Adoption

Claudius accepts Nero as his successor, to the detriment of Britannicus, his son by his first wife, Valeria Messalina.

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Imperial Politics, Claudius, Nero, Britannicus, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue

October 13 – Emperor Claudius dies (possibly after being poisoned by Agrippina, his wife and niece), and is succeeded by Nero.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Nero, Claudius, Succession, Ancient rome, Imperial History, Power Struggles

Emperor Nero becomes a Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Political Career

Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus becomes a consul in Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Republicanism, Political Office

Envoys from Cilicia come to Rome to accuse their late governor, Cossutianus Capito, of extortion; the Roman Senate is supported in the case by Publius...

Tags: Ancient rome, Corruption, Justice

Emperor Nero becomes a Roman consul again.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Government

Emperor Nero and Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Imperial Era

The friendship between Nero and Marcus Salvius Otho ends when they both fall in love with Poppea Sabina, and Otho is sent to Lusitania as governor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Otho, Political Intrigue, Governorship, Imperial Court, Ancient rome

Agrippina the Younger is expelled from the imperial palace by her son Nero, who installs her in Villa Antonia in Misenum, and leaving more of the effe...

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Agrippina the Younger, Imperial Politics, Dynastic Conflict, Political Intrigue, Power Struggle, Roman Emperors, Ancient rome

Agrippina the Younger, conspired with the senators in late 58 to overthrow Nero.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Agrippina the Younger, Conspiracy, Imperial Politics, Ancient rome, Power Struggle

The apostle Paul returns to Jerusalem with the money he has collected to give the Christian community there. However, he is accused of defiling the te...

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Legal System, Christian Missions

March 23 – Emperor Nero orders the murder of his mother Agrippina the Younger. He tries to kill her through a planned shipwreck, but when she survives...

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Agrippina the Younger, Imperial Politics, Assassination, Power Struggle, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue

Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus retires from the Roman Senate. He openly shows his disgust at the behaviour of Nero regarding the murder of Agrippina.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Political Dissent, Republic to Empire, Opposition, Imperial Politics, Agrippina the Younger

Claudius, Roman Emperor (AD 41–54)

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Agrippina the Younger, Nero, Succession, Poisoning, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue

Gaius Stertinius Xenophon, Greek physician, possibly poisoned Claudius

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Nero, Poisoning, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Conspiracy, Assassination

Marcus Junius Silanus, Roman consul (b. AD 14)

Tags: Roman Empire, Corruption, Nero, Ancient rome, Impeachment

February 11 – Britannicus, son of Claudius (b. AD 41)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Britannicus, Imperial Politics, Succession, Assassination, Claudius, Ancient rome

Antonia Tryphaena, Roman client queen (b. 10 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Political Intrigue, Monarchy, Death, Ancient rome

Lucius Volusius Saturninus, Roman politician and governor

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Ancient rome, Provincial Administration, Roman Governors

March 23 – Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero (b. AD 15)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Agrippina the Younger, Imperial Politics, Murder, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Claudius

Gnaeus Domitius Afer, Roman politician and orator

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Oratory, Law, Cicero

Servilius Nonianus, Roman consul and historian

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Leadership

The First Epistle of Peter, if by Peter, is probably written between this year and c. AD 64.

Tags: Christianity, Epistles, Peter the Apostle, Biblical Studies, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology

Paul of Tarsus journeys to Rome, but is shipwrecked on Malta. He stays for three months and converts Publius, the first bishop of Malta.

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Malta, Roman Empire, Missionary, Religious Conversion, Shipwreck, Apostles

Paul's Epistle to the Philippians is written from Rome. (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Religious Texts, Epistles, Roman Empire, Biblical Studies

Publius Petronius Turpilianus and Lucius Caesennius Paetus become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

After the death of Burrus and the disgrace of Seneca, Nero is free from their influence and becomes a megalomaniacal artist fascinated by Hellenism an...

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Tyranny, Imperialism, Ancient rome

Paul of Tarsus is released from imprisonment in Rome (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Christian Missions, Religious Expansion

Nero completes the Baths of Nero in Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Architecture, Public Works, Art

The making of Still Life, a detail of a wall painting from Herculaneum, begins (finished in AD 79). It is now kept at Museo Nazionale in Naples.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Art, Painting, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Classical Antiquity, Art History

Persecution of Christians in Rome begins under Nero. Peter the Apostle is possibly among those crucified.

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Persecution, Nero, Religious Conflict, Martyrdom, Peter the Apostle, Religious History, Ancient rome

First Epistle of Peter written from Babylon according to traditional Christian belief.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Epistles, Peter the Apostle, Roman Empire, Theology

Nero proposes a new urban planning program based on the creation of buildings decorated with ornate porticos, the widening of the streets and the use ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Architecture, Urban Planning, Nero, Art, Ancient rome, City Planning, Public Works

April 19 – The freedman Milichus betrays the Pisonian conspiracy led by Gaius Calpurnius Piso to kill Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrest...

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Conspiracy, Political Intrigue, Assassination Attempt, Ancient rome, Rebellion

After a stage performance in which he appears and shocks the senatorial class considerably, Nero engages in a series of reprisals against Seneca the Y...

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Tyranny, Political Repression, Seneca the Younger, Persecution, Imperial Power

Suetonius Paullinus, governor of Britannia, becomes a Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office

Paul in Asia Minor for second time after his release from Rome. Then probably goes to Greece. Second imprisonment in Rome.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Missionary Work, Religious Violence, Evangelism

Gaius Julius Vindex revolts, first in a series of revolts that lead to Nero's downfall.

Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Civil War, Nero, Ancient rome, Imperial Crisis, Political Instability

Nero, jealous of the success of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo in Armenia, orders that he be put to death. Corbulo literally "falls on his sword".

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, Political Intrigue, Assassination, Military Leadership, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Power Struggle

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Peter

Linus succeeds Peter, as the second Bishop of Rome.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Bishop, Apostolic Succession, Religious Leadership, 1st Century

The Senate declares Nero as persona non grata.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Emperor, Political Intrigue, Civil War, Succession

June 9 – Emperor Nero commits suicide four miles outside Rome. He is deserted by the Praetorian Guard, and then stabs himself in the throat.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Emperor, Suicide, Imperial Politics, Political Instability, Roman Emperors

June 9 – The Roman Senate accepts Servius Sulpicius Galba, as Roman Emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Galba, Succession, Crisis of the Roman Empire

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, father of Trajan, becomes consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Trajan

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (latest possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Persecution, Peter, Religious History

The Year of the Four Emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian succeed each other as emperor during the year. The year is mar...

Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Succession, Political Instability, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Ancient rome

January 10 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is adopted by Galba and appointed to deputy Roman Emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Emperor, Galba, Piso, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Civil War

January 15 – Galba and his adopted son Piso are murdered by the Praetorian Guard on the Roman Forum.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Galba, Piso, Civil War, Year of Four Emperors, Assassination, Political Instability

Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaims himself emperor, and reigns for three months before committing suicide.

Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Emperors, Year of Four Emperors, Civil War, Political Intrigue, Succession, Ancient rome, Otho

July 1 – two legions in Egypt, a legion in Syria, and a legion in Judea declare Vespasian emperor

Tags: Roman Empire, Vespasian, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Military, Succession

December 22 – Vitellius is captured and murdered by the Gemonian stairs. Vespasian becomes emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Political Assassination, Succession, Ancient rome, Imperial Crisis

Josephus, Jewish rebel leader, is dragged before Vespasian and becomes his historian (he "prophesied" him his elevation to the purple).

Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, History, Vespasian, Josephus, Historiography, Ancient rome, Military Leadership

The Flavian dynasty starts.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Succession, Vespasian, Domitian, Titus

Marcus Vitorius Marcellus, Roman politician (approximate date)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Senator, Governance

Publius Juventius Celsus, Roman consul (d. 130)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Legal History

Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Roman consul (d. AD 140)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Births, 1st Century

Lucius Pedanius Secundus, Roman politician and prefect

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Law, Crime, Social Unrest, Nero's Reign, Prefect

Publius Memmius Regulus, Roman politician

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Politician, Death, Civil War, Imperial Politics

June 8 – Claudia Octavia, wife of Nero (possibly executed) (b. AD 40)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Execution

Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, Roman consul (murdered) (b. AD 22)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Assassination, Civil War, Imperial Crisis

Gaius Rubellius Plautus, cousin of Nero (executed) (b. AD 33)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Execution, Monarchy, Ancient rome

Sextus Afranius Burrus, Roman prefect and friend of Seneca (b. AD 1)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Imperial Court, Nero, Seneca the Younger, Death

Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus, Roman consul (b. AD 16)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero's Reign, Death

Faenius Rufus, Roman praetorian prefect (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Civil War, Execution, Vespasian, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Military

Lucius Antistius Vetus, Roman consul and governor

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governorship, Administration

Plautius Lateranus, Roman politician (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Execution, Civil War, Ancient rome, Tyranny

Seneca, Roman statesman and tutor of Nero (b. AD 1)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Stoicism, Philosophy, Tyranny

Claudia Antonia, daughter of Claudius (b. AD 30)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Execution, Monarchy

Gaius Anicius Cerialis, Roman suffect consul

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome

June 9 – Nero, Roman emperor (suicide) (b. AD 37)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Emperor, Suicide, Ancient rome, Political Instability, Crisis of the Roman Empire

Gaius Julius Vindex, Roman governor (suicide)

Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Civil War, Nero's Reign, Political Instability, Suicide

January 15 Cornelius Laco, Roman praetorian prefect (murdered) Sempronius Densus, Roman bodyguard (killed) Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus, Roman de...

Tags: Roman Empire, Year of Four Emperors, Galba, Ancient rome, Assassination, Civil War, Succession

Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor (b. 3 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Assassination, Ancient rome, Galba, Military

April 16 – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman emperor (b. AD 32)

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Otho, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Succession

December 20 – Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul (murdered)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Assassination, Civil War

Barnabas, Cypriot Jew and bishop of Milan (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Religious Figures, Bishops, Roman Empire, Judaism, Apostles

Paul the Apostle (earliest date) (b. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Missionary Work, Religious Texts

Paul the Apostle, Christian martyr (b. c. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Martyrdom

Basilissa and Anastasia, Christian martyrs (beheaded)

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Martyrdom, Persecution, Saints, Religious History, Ancient rome

Emperor Vespasian and his son Caesar Vespasian (the future Emperor Titus) become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Political Office, 70s AD

Annexation of the island of Samothrace by the Roman Empire under Vespasian.

Tags: Roman Empire, Annexation, Territorial Expansion, Vespasian, Ancient greece, Ancient rome, Political Control

Emperors Vespasian and Marcus Cocceius Nerva are Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Nerva, Government

Titus is made praetorian prefect of the Praetorian Guard and receives pro-consular command and also tribunician power, all of which indicates that Ves...

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Principate, Imperial Power, Military

Mithraism begins to spread throughout the Roman Empire.

Tags: Roman Empire, Religious Beliefs, Ancient rome

Antiochus IV of Syria is deposed by Emperor Vespasian.

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Deposition, Vespasian, Territorial Expansion

Vespasian and Titus are Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Imperial Administration, 70s AD, Roman Government

Vespasian and Titus are appointed to be Roman censors.

Tags: Roman Empire, Censorship, Vespasian, Titus, Ancient rome, Government, Imperial Roman Era

Titus Flavius Domitianus becomes Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, 70s AD

Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus

The Black Forest region is reattached to the Roman Empire.

Tags: Roman Empire, Expansion, Territorial Control, Military, Imperialism, Ancient rome

The Temple of Peace, also known as the Forum of Vespasian, is built in Rome. The temple celebrates the conquest of Jerusalem (in AD 70) and houses the...

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Temple, Religious Architecture, Judaism, Vespasian

June 23 – Emperor Vespasian dies of fever from diarrhea; his last words on his deathbed are: "I think I'm turning into a god." Titus succeeds his fath...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Ancient rome, Titus, Vespasian, Jewish History

Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus, Roman politician (d. AD 117)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Senator, Roman Aristocracy, Political Career

Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul and governor

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Governance

Marcus Vettius Bolanus, Roman politician and governor (b. 33 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Governors, Ancient rome

Aulus Caecina Alienus, Roman general and politician (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Execution, Military, Political Intrigue

March 18 – Hyginus, bishop of Rome

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Religious History, Ancient rome

Linus, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Roman Empire, Religious History, Apostolic Succession

Domitian became emperor on September 14, solidifying the monarchy and shocking the aristocracy by taking the title "Dominus." His reign saw increased ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Monarchy, Ancient rome, Romanization, Provinces, Imperialism

Pliny the Younger is flamen Divi Augusti (priest in the cult of the Emperor).

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Religion, Cult, Priesthood, Pliny the Younger, Imperial Cult

Possible date of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology, Religious History, Early Church

The Arch of Titus is constructed.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Architecture, Triumph, Victory, Art, Imperialism, Monument, Titus

Emperor Domitian becomes Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Government

Dio Chrysostom is banished from Rome, Italy, and Bithynia, after advising one of the Emperor's conspiring relatives.

Tags: Roman Empire, Exile, Imperial Court, Rhetoric

Domitian is, again, also a Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Roman Government, Governance

Emperor Domitian recalls Agricola back to Rome, where he is rewarded with a triumph and the governorship of the Roman province of Africa, but he decli...

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Agricola, Governorship, Military, Triumph, Imperial Power

Through his election as consul for ten years and censor for life, Domitian openly subordinates the republican aspect of the state to the monarchical.

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Republicanism

Domitian appoints himself censor for life, which gives him the right to control the Senate. His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocrac...

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Censorship, Dictatorship, Ancient rome, Tyranny, Political Power, Imperial Rule

Sextus Julius Sparsus gains power in the Roman Senate (approximate date).

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Senator, Power Struggle, Political Intrigue

Pope Clement I succeeds Pope Anacletus I as the fourth pope.

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Apostolic Succession

Two Egyptian obelisks are erected in Benevento in front of the Temple of Isis, in honour of Emperor Domitian.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Architecture, Art, Religion, Imperial Cult, Domitian

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Roman Emperor (AD 79–81)

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Assassination, Conspiracy, Ancient rome, Military

Lucius Vipstanus Messalla, Roman politician

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Birth

September 13 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. AD 39)

Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Emperors, Ancient rome, Death, Titus, Succession

Marcus Pompeius Silvanus, Roman politician

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Career, Roman Officials

Titus Atilius Rufus, Roman politician and governor

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Governors, Provincial Administration

The Young Flavian Woman is made. It is now kept at Musei Capitolini, Rome (approximate date).

Tags: Roman Empire, Sculpture, Ancient rome, Roman Art

Manius Acilius Glabrio and Marcus Ulpius Traianus become Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Government

Pliny the Younger is named a tribunus plebis.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Pliny the Younger, Government

Emperor Domitian becomes a Roman Consul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Emperor, Imperial Rule, Government

The Flavian Palace is completed on the Palatine.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Architecture, Roman Art

Pliny the Younger is named a praetor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Praetor, Pliny the Younger, Government

Emperor Domitian persecutes the Christians.

Tags: Ancient rome, Christianity, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Emperor Domitian, Early Church, Martyrdom, Religious Conflict

Emperor Domitian rebuilds and rededicates the Curia Julia (meeting place of the Roman Senate), which had burned down in AD 64.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Architecture, Political History

Emperor Domitian and Titus Flavius Clemens become Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Roman Government

Domitian executes senators out of paranoiac fears that they are plotting to kill him.

Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Tyranny, Political Purge, Ancient rome, Imperial Power, Persecution

Possible date for the writing of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Early Church, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Religious History

September 18 – Emperor Domitian is stabbed to death by a freedman at the age 44 after a 15-year reign, in a palace conspiracy involving officers of th...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Assassination, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Succession

The Arch of Titus is completed in Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Architecture, Triumphal Arch, Ancient rome, Art, Titus, Victory

October 28 – Emperor Nerva recalls his general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, age 44, from the German frontier and is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Ancient rome, Trajan, Nerva, Military, Adoption

Tacitus advances to consulship.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governance, Tacitus

Nerva recognizes the Sanhedrin of Jamnia as an official governmental body of the Jews, and the patriarch or nasi is designated as the representative o...

Tags: Roman Empire, Sanhedrin, Nerva, Jewish Diaspora, Religious Authority, Political Recognition, Ancient rome

Evaristus succeeds Pope Clement I as the fifth pope (according to Catholic tradition; none of the popes until the mid second century is certain).

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Ancient rome, Religious History, Apostolic Succession

January 1 – Emperor Nerva suffers a stroke during a private audience.

Tags: Roman Empire, Nerva, Emperor, Health, Ancient rome, Roman Emperors

Upon Nerva's death in January 98 AD, Trajan, the first non-Italian emperor, ascended the throne, immediately restoring the Senate's power, establishin...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Governance, Expansion, Ancient rome, Trajan

Emperor Trajan returns to Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Trajan, Emperor, Ancient rome, Governance, Imperial Rule

Nerva, Roman Emperor (AD 96–98)

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Nerva, Ancient rome, Imperialism, Governance, Roman Emperors, Pax Romana

Quintus Tuneius Rufus, Roman politician (approximate date)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Republicanism, Politician

Lucius Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus, Roman statesman

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Government

Gaius Vipstanus Apronianus, Roman politician, governor

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governorship, Provincial Administration

Arulenus Rusticus, Roman politician and Stoic philosopher (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Stoicism, Philosophy, Tyranny, Domitian, Ancient rome, Martyrdom, Political Repression

Epaphroditus, Roman freedman of Nero (executed)

Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Freedmen, Executions

Manius Acilius Glabrio, Roman politician (executed)

Tags: Ancient rome, Execution, Political Intrigue

September 18 – Domitian, Roman emperor (b. AD 51)

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Ancient rome, Roman Emperors, Assassination, Imperial History

Gaius Manlius Valens, Roman senator and consul (b. AD 6)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Imperial Era, Political Office

Titus Petronius Secundus, Roman prefect (b. AD 40)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Prefect, Roman Officials, Death

November 23 – Pope Evaristus succeeds Pope Clement I as the fifth pope according to Roman Catholic tradition.

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Religious Leadership, Roman Empire, Vatican City, Succession

Pope Anicetus

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Bishops, Church History

– 192: Reign of Commodus, Roman emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Ancient rome, Imperial Rule, Antiquity, Roman Emperors

Year of the Five Emperors of Rome: Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus and Septimius Severus.

Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Imperial Crisis, Emperor, Succession, Political Instability, Power Struggle, Ancient rome

– 211: Reign of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Military, Imperial Rule

217: Caracalla, Roman Emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Ancient rome, Succession, Military, Government

235: Alexander Severus, Roman Emperor.Rock relief of Ardashir I receiving the ring of kingship by the Zoroastrian supreme god Ahura Mazda.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Ancient rome, Sasanian Empire, Power

Valerian's massacre of Christians.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Persecution, Religious Conflict, Martyrdom, Early Church, Imperial Decree

305: Diocletian, Roman Emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Tetrarchy, Imperial Rule, Governance

Emperor Diocletian forms the Tetrarchy in Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Tetrarchy, Emperor, Political Reform, Imperial Administration, Western Roman Empire, Eastern Roman Empire, Succession

337: Constantine the Great, ends persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire (see also Constantinian shift) and Constantinople becomes new seat of g...

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Constantine the Great, Religious Tolerance, Byzantine Empire, Political Transformation

Constantine the Great is baptized a Christian on his death bed.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Constantine the Great, Early Church, Religious Conversion, Imperialism, Death, Baptism

395: Theodosius I, Roman emperor, bans pagan worship, Christianity is made the official religion of the Empire.

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Paganism, Religious Law, Emperor, Religious Violence, Imperial Decree

Roman emperor Theodosius I dies, causing the Roman Empire to split permanently.

Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Western Roman Empire, Eastern Roman Empire, Emperor, Governance

Pope Leo I meets in person with Attila on the Mincio River and convinces him not to ransack Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Catholicism, Barbarian Invasions, Diplomacy, Western Christianity, Military History

Deposition of Romulus Augustulus by Odoacer: traditional date for the Fall of Rome in the West.

Tags: Roman Empire, Barbarian Invasions, Political Transition, Western Roman Empire, Kingdom of Italy

Theodoric the Great ousts Odoacer to become King of Italy.

Tags: Roman Empire, Kingdom of Italy, Barbarian Invasions, Western Roman Empire

Justinian I succeeds Justin I as Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Tags: Byzantine Empire, Roman Empire, Emperor, Eastern Roman Empire, Justinian I, Succession, Imperial Rule

602: Reign of Roman Emperor Maurice.

Tags: Byzantine Empire, Roman Empire, Emperor, Eastern Roman Empire, Imperial Rule, Military

Gregory the Great succeeds Pope Pelagius II (who dies of plague) as the 64th pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Church History, Christianity, Byzantine Empire

the Walk to Canossa by Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Investiture Controversy, Catholicism, Henry IV, Excommunication, Middle Ages, Political Power, Religious Authority

Pope Urban II makes an appearance at the Siege of Capua

Tags: Catholicism, Middle Ages, Siege, Military History, Religious Authority, Campania

On April 14, during Henry V's first expedition to Rome, he is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Henry V, Middle Ages, Catholicism, Emperor, Coronation, Imperialism

On September 23, the Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtinum) is drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II bringing an end to the first phas...

Tags: Middle Ages, Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Investiture Controversy, Church and State, Henry V, Treaty, Diplomacy

On Christmas Day, Roger II is crowned King of Sicily, the royal title being bestowed on him by Antipope Anacletus II.

Tags: Monarchy, Kingdom of Sicily, Norman Conquest, Middle Ages, Catholicism, Coronation

1138: Papal schism, Pope Innocent II vs. Antipope Anacletus II.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Middle Ages, Religious Conflict, Church History

in April, the Second Lateran Council ends the papal schism.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Council, Middle Ages, Church Reform, Christianity, Religious Authority

The Roman Catholic notion of Purgatory is defined.

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Religious Doctrine, Middle Ages, Theology

The Treaty or Peace of Venice is signed by the papacy and its allies, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily also participa...

Tags: Middle Ages, Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Frederick I, Treaty, Diplomacy, Church and State, Medieval Italy

On January 27, the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI marries Constance of Sicily, the heiress to the Sicilian throne.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Marriage, Dynastic Politics, Succession, Kingdom of Sicily, Henry VI, Imperial Expansion, Political Alliances

In April, Isabella I begins her reign as Christian Queen of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Monarchy, Middle Ages, Succession, Holy Land, Christianity

Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan Order.

Tags: Religious Orders, Catholicism, Middle Ages, Monasticism, Christianity, Religious Reform, Poverty

Frederick of Sicily is crowned King of the Romans at Mainz.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Imperial Politics, Frederick II, Catholicism, Succession, Political Intrigue

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Rome

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Emperor, Catholicism, Frederick II, Monarchy

The Signoria of the Republic of Venice is formed and consists of the Doge, the Minor Council, and the three leaders of the Quarantia.

Tags: Republic, Government, Middle Ages, Governance

Emperor Frederick II promulgates the Constitutions of Melfi, a far-reaching legal code influential in the development of continental European statehoo...

Tags: Middle Ages, Law, Legal Code, Frederick II, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Sicily, Statehood, Governance

1377: The Avignon papacy transfers the seat of the Popes from Italy to France.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Middle Ages, Western Christianity, Political Intrigue, Religious Authority

The Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire headed by Emperor Charles IV issues the Golden Bull of 1356, establishing various constitutional aspects of...

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Constitutional Law, Middle Ages, Governance