1122 ⟶ Concordat of Worms Ends Investiture Controversy
On September 23, the Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtinum) ...
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📜 Concordat of Worms Ends Investiture Controversy
On September 23, the Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtinum) is drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II bringing an end to the first phase of the power struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire.⟶
Middle AgesHoly Roman EmpireCatholicismInvestiture ControversyChurch and StateHenry VTreatyDiplomacy
Germany
Italy🤝 Treaty of Constance: Frederick I and Eugene III Forge Alliance
The First Treaty of Constance is signed between Emperor Frederick I and Pope Eugene III, by the terms of which, the emperor is to prevent any action by Manuel I Comnenus to reestablish the Byzantine Empire on Italian soil and to assist the pope against his enemies in revolt in Rome.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireCatholicismFrederick IMedieval PoliticsTreatyByzantine EmpireDiplomacy
GermanyItaly📜 Treaty of Venice: Papal Victory over Emperor Frederick I
The Treaty or Peace of Venice is signed by the papacy and its allies, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily also participates in negotiations and the treaty thereby determines the political course of all of Italy for the next several years.⟶
Middle AgesHoly Roman EmpireCatholicismFrederick ITreatyDiplomacyChurch and StateMedieval Italy
ItalyGermany
Vatican City👑 Frederick II Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Rome⟶
Holy Roman EmpireMiddle AgesEmperorCatholicismFrederick IIMonarchy
ItalyGermany⚔️ Conflict Begins: Papal-Imperial Tensions Erupt
1230: First clash between Gregory IX and Emperor Frederick II.⟶
CatholicismHoly Roman EmpireFrederick IIMedieval PoliticsChurch and StateConflictGuelphs and Ghibellines
ItalyGermany