1923 ⟶ Lewis and Randall Publish Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances
Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall publish Thermodynamics an...
Year
1843
1876
1923
1929
🔥 Conservation of Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics Established
James Prescott Joule: Law of Conservation of energy (First law of thermodynamics), also 1847 – Helmholtz, Conservation of energy.⟶
PhysicsThermodynamicsEnergyConservation of EnergyJames Prescott JouleHermann von Helmholtz19th CenturyFirst Law of Thermodynamics
United Kingdom
Germany⚖️ Gibbs Publishes on the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
Josiah Willard Gibbs publishes On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, a compilation of his work on thermodynamics and physical chemistry which lays out the concept of free energy to explain the physical basis of chemical equilibria.⟶
ThermodynamicsPhysical ChemistryFree EnergyChemical EquilibriumGibbsPhase Rule19th Century Science
United States⚛️ Lewis and Randall Publish Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances
Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall publish Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, first modern treatise on chemical thermodynamics.⟶
ThermodynamicsChemical ThermodynamicsFree EnergyPhysical ChemistryLewisRandall20th Century ScienceTreatise
United States
🌡️ Lars Onsager's Reciprocal Relations: Potential Fourth Law of Thermodynamics
Lars Onsager's reciprocal relations, a potential fourth law of thermodynamics⟶
PhysicsThermodynamicsStatistical MechanicsLars OnsagerIrreversible ThermodynamicsPhysical Chemistry20th Century
NorwayUnited States