1929 ⟶ Lars Onsager's Reciprocal Relations: Potential Fourth Law of Thermodynamics

Lars Onsager's reciprocal relations, a potential fourth law ...

Year

1843

1850

1877

1884

1906

1929

🔥 Conservation of Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics Established

James Prescott Joule: Law of Conservation of energy (First law of thermodynamics), also 1847 – Helmholtz, Conservation of energy.⟶

PhysicsThermodynamicsEnergyConservation of EnergyJames Prescott JouleHermann von Helmholtz19th CenturyFirst Law of Thermodynamics

United Kingdom Germany

Germany

⚙️ William Thomson and Rudolf Clausius propose the Second Law of Thermodynamics

51 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin & Rudolf Clausius: Second law of thermodynamics⟶

ThermodynamicsSecond LawEntropyLord KelvinRudolf ClausiusPhysics19th Century

United Kingdom Germany

Germany

💨 Boltzmann Establishes Statistical Derivations

Ludwig Boltzmann establishes statistical derivations of many important physical and chemical concepts, including entropy, and distributions of molecular velocities in the gas phase.⟶

Statistical MechanicsEntropyBoltzmannThermodynamicsGas Dynamics19th Century SciencePhysical Chemistry

Austria

🔥 Boltzmann Derives Stefan Radiation Law

Boltzmann derives Stefan radiation law⟶

PhysicsThermodynamicsRadiationStefan-Boltzmann LawLudwig Boltzmann19th Century

Austria

🌡️ Nernst Formulates the Third Law of Thermodynamics

Walther Nernst: Third law of thermodynamics⟶

ThermodynamicsWalther NernstThird LawPhysicsChemistryEarly 20th CenturyLaws of Thermodynamics

Germany

🌡️ Lars Onsager's Reciprocal Relations: Potential Fourth Law of Thermodynamics

Lars Onsager's reciprocal relations, a potential fourth law of thermodynamics⟶

PhysicsThermodynamicsStatistical MechanicsLars OnsagerIrreversible ThermodynamicsPhysical Chemistry20th Century

Norway

United States