1099 ⟶ Jerusalem Falls to Crusaders, Jews Massacred
Jews fight side by side with Muslim soldiers to defend Jerus...
Year
1071
1096
1099
1190
1309
🕌 Jerusalem Falls to Seljuk Turks, Restrictions on Jews Increase
Jerusalem falls to the Seljuk Turks, many synagogues are destroyed and life for Jews in Jerusalem becomes much more restricted.⟶
JerusalemSeljuk TurksRestrictionsIslamic WorldMiddle Ages
Israel🛡️ First Crusade: Massacres of Jews in Rhineland
The First Crusade. Three hosts of crusaders pass through several Central European cities. The third, unofficial host, led by Count Emicho, decides to attack the Jewish communities, most notably in the Rhineland, under the slogan: "Why fight Christ's enemies abroad when they are living among us?" Eimicho's host attacks the synagogue at Speyer and kills all the defenders. 800 are killed in Worms. Another 1,200 Jews commit suicide in Mainz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-gray-300 dark:underline dark:hover:text-gray-100">Mainz to escape his attempt to forcibly convert them (see German Crusade, 1096), and 600 are massacred in Mainz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-gray-300 dark:underline dark:hover:text-gray-100">Mainz on 27 May. Attempts by the local bishops remained fruitless. All in all, 5,000 Jews were murdered.⟶
CrusadesRhinelandMassacreGermanyFranceMiddle Ages
Germany
France🔥 Jerusalem Falls to Crusaders, Jews Massacred
Jews fight side by side with Muslim soldiers to defend Jerusalem against the Crusaders and face massacres when it falls. According to the Muslim chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi, "The Jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Franks burned it over their heads." However, a contemporary Jewish communication does not corroborate the report that Jews were actually inside of the Synagogue when it was set on fire. This letter was discovered among the Cairo Geniza collection in 1975 by historian Shelomo Dov Goitein. Historians believe that it was written just two weeks after the siege, making it "the earliest account on the conquest in any language." However, all sources agree that a synagogue was indeed burned during the siege.⟶
CrusadesJerusalemMassacreSiegeMiddle EastMiddle Ages
Israel🔥 York Massacre of Jews
500 Jews of York were massacred after a six-day siege by departing members of the Third Crusade, backed by several people indebted to Jewish money-lenders.⟶
PogromMassacreMiddle AgesCrusadesReligious ViolenceEnglandAnti-JudaismDebtYork
United Kingdom🙌 Saladin Lifts Ban on Jews in Jerusalem
Saladin conquers the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the Crusaders and lifts the ban for Jews to live in Jerusalem.⟶
JerusalemSaladinCrusadesJewish HistoryMiddle AgesReligious ToleranceAyyubid dynasty
Israel
Palestine⚔️ Crusaders Rampage Against Jews in Rhodes
Rhodes falls to the Crusaders, who went on a rampage against the local Jews.⟶
CrusadesViolenceRhodesGreeceMiddle AgesReligious ViolenceAntisemitismPersecution
Greece