1096 ⟶ First Crusade: Massacres of Jews in Rhineland
The First Crusade. Three hosts of crusaders pass through sev...
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1648
🛡️ First Crusade: Massacres of Jews in Rhineland
The First Crusade. Three hosts of crusaders pass through several Central European cities. The third, unofficial host, led by Count Emicho, decides to attack the Jewish communities, most notably in the Rhineland, under the slogan: "Why fight Christ's enemies abroad when they are living among us?" Eimicho's host attacks the synagogue at Speyer and kills all the defenders. 800 are killed in Worms. Another 1,200 Jews commit suicide in Mainz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-gray-300 dark:underline dark:hover:text-gray-100">Mainz to escape his attempt to forcibly convert them (see German Crusade, 1096), and 600 are massacred in Mainz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-gray-300 dark:underline dark:hover:text-gray-100">Mainz on 27 May. Attempts by the local bishops remained fruitless. All in all, 5,000 Jews were murdered.⟶
CrusadesRhinelandMassacreGermanyFranceMiddle Ages
Germany
France🔥 Jerusalem Falls to Crusaders, Jews Massacred
Jews fight side by side with Muslim soldiers to defend Jerusalem against the Crusaders and face massacres when it falls. According to the Muslim chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi, "The Jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Franks burned it over their heads." However, a contemporary Jewish communication does not corroborate the report that Jews were actually inside of the Synagogue when it was set on fire. This letter was discovered among the Cairo Geniza collection in 1975 by historian Shelomo Dov Goitein. Historians believe that it was written just two weeks after the siege, making it "the earliest account on the conquest in any language." However, all sources agree that a synagogue was indeed burned during the siege.⟶
CrusadesJerusalemMassacreSiegeMiddle EastMiddle Ages
Israel🔥 York Massacre of Jews
500 Jews of York were massacred after a six-day siege by departing members of the Third Crusade, backed by several people indebted to Jewish money-lenders.⟶
PogromMassacreMiddle AgesCrusadesReligious ViolenceEnglandAnti-JudaismDebtYork
United Kingdom⚔️ Massacre of Béziers Inhabitants, Including Jews
⚔️ Chmielnicki Massacres of Jews
The Ukrainian Cossacks led by Bohdan Chmielnicki massacre about 100,000 Jews and similar number of Polish Nobles, 300 Jewish communities destroyed.⟶
PogromMassacreCossacksGenocide17th CenturyChmielnickiUkrainePolandJewish CommunityKhmelnytsky Uprising
Ukraine
Poland