1190 ⟶ Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's Death and Crusader Army's Disintegration

On June 10, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowns in the River...
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Year
1145
1176
1189
1190
1191
1214

⚔️ Second Crusade Launched

1148: The Second Crusade is launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa.⟶
Second Crusade Launched (1145)
CrusadesMiddle AgesHoly LandChristianityMilitary CampaignFrankish StatesPapal StatesReligious WarfareKingdom of JerusalemIslamic World
FranceFranceUnited KingdomUnited KingdomSyriaSyriaTurkeyTurkey

⚔️ Battle of Legnano: Lombard League Defeats Frederick Barbarossa

On May 29, Frederick Barbarossa's forces are defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League which results in the emperor's acknowledgment of the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States and Alexander acknowledging the emperor's overlordship of the imperial Church.⟶
Battle of Legnano: Lombard League Defeats Frederick Barbarossa (1176)
Holy Roman EmpireMedieval WarfareFrederick BarbarossaLombard LeaguePapal StatesBattlePolitical ConflictChurch and State
ItalyItalyGermanyGermany

⚔️ Preparations for the Third Crusade

1192: The Third Crusade is an attempt by European leaders to wrest the Holy Land from Saladin.⟶
Preparations for the Third Crusade (1189)
CrusadesHoly LandMedieval WarfareSaladinPhilip II of FranceHoly Roman EmpireMilitary CampaignReligious Conflict
United KingdomUnited KingdomFranceFrance

⚰️ Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's Death and Crusader Army's Disintegration

On June 10, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowns in the River Salef, leaving the Crusader army under the command of the rivals Philip II of France and Richard I of England, which ultimately leads to the dissolution of the army.⟶
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's Death and Crusader Army's Disintegration (1190)
CrusadesHoly Roman EmpireFrederick BarbarossaPhilip II of FranceMilitary LeadershipMedieval Europe
GermanyGermanyFranceFranceUnited KingdomUnited KingdomTurkeyTurkey

⚔️ Richard I Defeats Saladin at Arsuf

On September 7, Saladin is defeated by Richard I of England at the Battle of Arsuf.⟶
Richard I Defeats Saladin at Arsuf (1191)
CrusadesBattleMilitary HistorySaladinAyyubid DynastyHoly LandMedieval WarfareKingdom of Jerusalem
IsraelIsraelUnited KingdomUnited KingdomEgyptEgyptFranceFrance

⚔️ French Victory at the Battle of Bouvines

France defeats the English and Imperial German forces at the Battle of Bouvines.⟶
French Victory at the Battle of Bouvines (1214)
Middle AgesMilitary HistoryHoly Roman EmpireBattlePhilip II of FranceAngevin EmpireFeudalismWarfare
FranceFranceUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGermanyGermany