1228 ⟶ Conflict Begins: Papal-Imperial Tensions Erupt
1230: First clash between Gregory IX and Emperor Frederick I...
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1228
📜 Concordat of Worms Ends Investiture Controversy
On September 23, the Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtinum) is drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II bringing an end to the first phase of the power struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire.⟶
Middle AgesHoly Roman EmpireCatholicismInvestiture ControversyChurch and StateHenry VTreatyDiplomacy
Germany
Italy🤝 Treaty of Constance: Frederick I and Eugene III Forge Alliance
The First Treaty of Constance is signed between Emperor Frederick I and Pope Eugene III, by the terms of which, the emperor is to prevent any action by Manuel I Comnenus to reestablish the Byzantine Empire on Italian soil and to assist the pope against his enemies in revolt in Rome.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireCatholicismFrederick IMedieval PoliticsTreatyByzantine EmpireDiplomacy
GermanyItaly👑 Frederick of Sicily Crowned King of the Romans
Frederick of Sicily is crowned King of the Romans at Mainz.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireMiddle AgesMonarchyImperial PoliticsFrederick IICatholicismSuccessionPolitical Intrigue
GermanyItaly👑 Frederick II Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Rome⟶
Holy Roman EmpireMiddle AgesEmperorCatholicismFrederick IIMonarchy
ItalyGermany🛡️ The Second Lombard League's Formation Against Emperor Frederick II
1250: Dispute between the so-called second Lombard League and Emperor Frederick II.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireMedieval ItalyGuelphs and GhibellinesAncient greeceAlliancesImperial Authority
ItalyGermany⚔️ Conflict Begins: Papal-Imperial Tensions Erupt
1230: First clash between Gregory IX and Emperor Frederick II.⟶
CatholicismHoly Roman EmpireFrederick IIMedieval PoliticsChurch and StateConflictGuelphs and Ghibellines
ItalyGermany