1898 ⟶ Beijerinck Defines Viruses as Infectious Agents
Martinus Beijerinck: concluded that a virus is infectious—re...
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🔬 Leeuwenhoek Observes Microbes
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is the first to observe microbes with a homemade microscope, using samples he collected from his teeth scrapings, raindrops, and his own feces. He calls them "animalcules."⟶
MicrobiologyScientific RevolutionGerm TheoryBiology
Netherlands🔬 Van Leeuwenhoek Observes Microorganisms
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: observes microorganisms using a refined simple microscope.⟶
MicrobiologyScientific RevolutionBiologyCell Theory
Netherlands🧪 Van 't Hoff Publishes 'Études de dynamique chimique'
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff: discovered the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions (in his work "Études de dynamique chimique").⟶
ChemistryPhysical ChemistryThermodynamicsScientific Publication
Netherlands🦠 Beijerinck Defines Viruses as Infectious Agents
Martinus Beijerinck: concluded that a virus is infectious—replicating in the host—and thus not a mere toxin, and gave it the name "virus"⟶
Infectious DiseasesMicrobiologyGerm TheoryMedical History19th Century Science
Netherlands⚡ Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Discovers Superconductivity
PhysicsDiscoveryScientific BreakthroughMaterial ScienceNobel Prize
Netherlands🔬 Phase-Contrast Microscopy Invented
The Phase-contrast microscopy is invented by Frits Zernike.⟶
MicroscopyOpticsScientific InstrumentsCell Biology
Netherlands