686 ⟶ Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph

Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at Kufa.
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Year
684
685
686
687
691
734

👑 Abdication of Muawiya II

June – Muawiya II abdicated.⟶
Abdication of Muawiya II (684)
Umayyad CaliphateMuawiya IIAbdicationSuccession CrisisFitnaPolitical Instability
SyriaSyria

👑 Death of Marwan I; Abd al-Malik Becomes Caliph

Death of Marwan I. Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda.⟶
Death of Marwan I; Abd al-Malik Becomes Caliph (685)
Umayyad CaliphateMarwan IAbd al-MalikSuccessionCaliphateLeadership TransitionFitna
SyriaSyria

🚩 Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph

Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at Kufa.⟶
Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph (686)
Al-MukhtarKufaFitnaUmayyad CaliphateRebellionShi'aPolitical InstabilitySuccession Crisis
IraqIraq

⚔️ Battle of Kufa; Death of Mukhtar

Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abd Allah ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar killed.⟶
Battle of Kufa; Death of Mukhtar (687)
Battle of KufaAl-MukhtarAbd Allah ibn ZubayrFitnaCivil WarUmayyad CaliphatePower Struggle
IraqIraq

⚔️ Battle of Maskin; Kufa Falls to Abd al-Malik

Battle of Maskin. Kufa falls to Abd al-Malik.⟶
Battle of Maskin; Kufa Falls to Abd al-Malik (691)
Battle of MaskinKufaAbd al-MalikUmayyad CaliphateFitnaCivil WarPolitical Control
IraqIraq

🚩 Rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj in Khurasan

Rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj erupts in Khurasan.⟶
Rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj in Khurasan (734)
RebellionKhurasanUmayyad CaliphateInternal ConflictPolitical Instability
IranIranAfghanistanAfghanistanTurkmenistanTurkmenistan