684 ⟶ Abdication of Muawiya II

June – Muawiya II abdicated.
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Year
683
684
685
686
744
1010

👑 Death of Yazid I; Muawiya II Becomes Caliph

11 November – Death of Yazid I. Muawiya II becomes caliph.⟶
Death of Yazid I; Muawiya II Becomes Caliph (683)
Umayyad CaliphateYazid IMuawiya IISuccessionCaliphateLeadership TransitionFitnaEarly Islamic Period
SyriaSyria

👑 Abdication of Muawiya II

June – Muawiya II abdicated.⟶
Abdication of Muawiya II (684)
Umayyad CaliphateMuawiya IIAbdicationSuccession CrisisFitnaPolitical Instability
SyriaSyria

👑 Death of Marwan I; Abd al-Malik Becomes Caliph

Death of Marwan I. Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda.⟶
Death of Marwan I; Abd al-Malik Becomes Caliph (685)
Umayyad CaliphateMarwan IAbd al-MalikSuccessionCaliphateLeadership TransitionFitna
SyriaSyria

🚩 Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph

Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at Kufa.⟶
Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph (686)
Al-MukhtarKufaFitnaUmayyad CaliphateRebellionShi'aPolitical InstabilitySuccession Crisis
IraqIraq

👑 Caliphal Instability and the Rise of Marwan II

Deposition of Walid II. Yazid III becomes Umayyad Caliph and dies the same year. Ibrahim becomes Umayyad Caliph and is overthrown the same year. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Marwan II becomes Umayyad Caliph.⟶
Caliphal Instability and the Rise of Marwan II (744)
LeadershipUmayyad CaliphateSuccessionFitnaCivil WarMarwan IIGovernance
SyriaSyriaIraqIraq

👑 Abdication of Hisham II and Accession of Muhammad II in Spain

Abdication of Hisham II in Spain. Accession of Muhammad II.⟶
Abdication of Hisham II and Accession of Muhammad II in Spain (1010)
Umayyad Caliphate of CordobaCaliphateLeadershipSuccessionIberian PeninsulaPolitical InstabilityMiddle AgesAl-Andalus
SpainSpain