691 ⟶ Battle of Maskin; Kufa Falls to Abd al-Malik
Battle of Maskin. Kufa falls to Abd al-Malik.
Year
685
686
687
691
692
746
👑 Death of Marwan I; Abd al-Malik Becomes Caliph
Death of Marwan I. Abd al-Malik becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda.⟶
Umayyad CaliphateMarwan IAbd al-MalikSuccessionCaliphateLeadership TransitionFitna
Syria🚩 Al-Mukhtar Declares Himself Caliph
Al-Mukhtar declares himself as the caliph at Kufa.⟶
Al-MukhtarKufaFitnaUmayyad CaliphateRebellionShi'aPolitical InstabilitySuccession Crisis
Iraq⚔️ Battle of Kufa; Death of Mukhtar
Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abd Allah ibn Zubayr. Mukhtar killed.⟶
Battle of KufaAl-MukhtarAbd Allah ibn ZubayrFitnaCivil WarUmayyad CaliphatePower Struggle
Iraq⚔️ Battle of Maskin; Kufa Falls to Abd al-Malik
Battle of Maskin. Kufa falls to Abd al-Malik.⟶
Battle of MaskinKufaAbd al-MalikUmayyad CaliphateFitnaCivil WarPolitical Control
Iraq👑 Fall of Mecca; Death of Ibn Zubayr; Abd al-Malik Sole Caliph
October – The fall of Mecca. Death of ibn Zubayr. Abdul Malik becomes the sole caliph.⟶
Abd al-MalikIbn ZubayrFall of MeccaUmayyad CaliphateCaliphateFitnaCivil WarPolitical Unification
Saudi Arabia⚔️ Marwan II Recaptures Kufa and Mosul
Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.⟶
MilitaryUmayyad CaliphateKufaMosulCivil WarMarwan II
Iraq