1856 ⟶ William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first synthetic dye

William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first s...
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1855
1856
1857
1862
1884

🛢️ Benjamin Silliman Jr. pioneers petroleum cracking

Benjamin Silliman, Jr. pioneers methods of petroleum cracking, which makes the entire modern petrochemical industry possible.⟶
Benjamin Silliman Jr. pioneers petroleum cracking (1855)
Petroleum CrackingPetrochemical IndustryBenjamin Silliman Jr.Oil RefiningIndustrial Revolution19th CenturyChemical Engineering
United States of AmericaUnited States of America

🎨 William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first synthetic dye

William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first synthetic dye. Created as an accidental byproduct of an attempt to create quinine from coal tar. This discovery is the foundation of the dye synthesis industry, one of the earliest successful chemical industries.⟶
William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first synthetic dye (1856)
Synthetic DyePerkin's MauveWilliam Henry PerkinDye IndustryChemistryIndustrial Revolution19th Century
United KingdomUnited Kingdom

🏭 Robert Forester Mushet develops steel production process

Robert Forester Mushet develops a process for the decarbonisation, and re-carbonisation of iron, through the addition of a calculated quantity of spiegeleisen, to produce cheap, consistently high quality steel.⟶
Robert Forester Mushet develops steel production process (1856)
Steel ProductionDecarbonisationRobert Forester MushetMetallurgyIndustrial Revolution19th CenturyEngineering
United KingdomUnited Kingdom

⚛️ Friedrich August Kekulé proposes carbon tetravalence

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz proposes that carbon is tetravalent, or forms exactly four chemical bonds.⟶
Friedrich August Kekulé proposes carbon tetravalence (1857)
Carbon TetravalenceMolecular StructureFriedrich August KekuléOrganic ChemistryChemical Bonds19th CenturyChemistry
GermanyGermany

🧪 Parkes Exhibits Parkesine, a Early Synthetic Polymer

Alexander Parkes exhibits Parkesine, one of the earliest synthetic polymers, at the International Exhibition in London. This discovery formed the foundation of the modern plastics industry.⟶
Parkes Exhibits Parkesine, a Early Synthetic Polymer (1862)
Synthetic PolymerPlasticsAlexander ParkesChemistryMaterials Science19th Century ScienceIndustrial RevolutionParkesinePolymer Chemistry
United KingdomUnited Kingdom

⚖️ Henry Louis Le Chatelier Develops Le Chatelier's Principle

Henry Louis Le Chatelier develops Le Chatelier's principle, which explains the response of dynamic chemical equilibria to external stresses.⟶
Henry Louis Le Chatelier Develops Le Chatelier's Principle (1884)
ChemistryPhysical ChemistryChemical EquilibriumThermodynamicsLe Chatelier's PrincipleHenry Louis Le Chatelier19th Century
FranceFrance