1857 ⟶ Friedrich August Kekulé proposes carbon tetravalence
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz proposes that carbon ...
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1825
1828
1857
1865
1884
⚛️ Wöhler and Liebig Discover Isomers
Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig perform the first confirmed discovery and explanation of isomers, earlier named by Berzelius. Working with cyanic acid and fulminic acid, they correctly deduce that isomerism was caused by differing arrangements of atoms within a molecular structure.⟶
ChemistryIsomerismMolecular structureOrganic chemistry19th centuryAtomsScientific discovery
Germany🧪 Friedrich Woehler Synthesizes Urea
Friedrich Woehler synthesized urea; first synthesis of an organic compound from inorganic starting materials.⟶
ChemistryOrganic chemistryUreaChemical synthesisVitalism19th centuryWoehler
Germany⚛️ Friedrich August Kekulé proposes carbon tetravalence
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz proposes that carbon is tetravalent, or forms exactly four chemical bonds.⟶
Carbon TetravalenceMolecular StructureFriedrich August KekuléOrganic ChemistryChemical Bonds19th CenturyChemistry
Germany⚛️ Kekulé's Discovery of Benzene Ring Structure
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.⟶
ChemistryOrganic ChemistryKekuléBenzeneMolecular Structure19th CenturyStructural FormulaChemical Bonding
Germany🔷 Kekulé Establishes Structure of Benzene
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, based partially on the work of Loschmidt and others, establishes structure of benzene as a six carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds.⟶
ChemistryOrganic ChemistryKekuléBenzeneMolecular Structure19th CenturyStructural FormulaChemical Bonding
Germany🧬 Hermann Emil Fischer Proposes Purine Structure and Studies Sugars
Hermann Emil Fischer proposes structure of purine, a key structure in many biomolecules, which he later synthesized in 1898. Also begins work on the chemistry of glucose and related sugars.⟶
ChemistryOrganic ChemistryBiochemistryPurinesSugarsHermann Emil FischerMolecular Structure19th Century
Germany