1923 ⟶ Turkey Gains Independence and Ankara is Declared Capital
Mustafa Kemal secures Allied recognition of Turkey's indepen...
Year
1822
1922
1923
1928
1932
🏛️ Greek Independence Declared
Greek assembly at Epidauros declared Greek independence and drew up an organic statute establishing a parliament and executive directory.⟶
Greek War of IndependenceIndependenceOttoman Empire19th CenturyNationalismGovernanceEuropeBalkans
Greece🇹🇷 Armistice of Mudanya and Abolition of Ottoman Sultanate
Armistice of Mudanya. Turkish nationalists under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal seize control of Turkey and abolish the Ottoman Sultanate, prompting Sultan Mehmed VI to flee Turkey; the 600‑year‑old Ottoman Empire officially ceases to exist.⟶
Ottoman EmpireTurkeyMustafa Kemal AtatürkNationalismSultanateRepublicTreaty of LausanneModernization
Turkey🇪🇬 United Kingdom Grants Independence to Egypt
Egypt unilaterally granted independence by the United Kingdom.⟶
EgyptIndependenceUnited KingdomColonialismNationalismWafd PartySuez Canal
Egypt
United Kingdom🇹🇷 Turkey Gains Independence and Ankara is Declared Capital
Mustafa Kemal secures Allied recognition of Turkey's independence in the Treaty of Lausanne and subsequently declares the Republic of Turkey. Ankara officially replaces Constantinople as Turkish capital.⟶
TurkeyIndependenceRepublicTreaty of LausanneAnkaraMustafa Kemal AtatürkModernization
Turkey
🇮🇶 Iraq Gains Independence
Iraq granted independence by League of Nations.⟶
IndependenceMandateLeague of NationsModern IraqBritish Mandate
Iraq