1938 ⟶ Jewish Passports Stamped with 'J'
Germany invalidates the passports of all its Jewish citizens...
Year
1935
1938
1941
1942
📜 Nuremberg Laws Enacted
The Reichstag passes the Nuremberg Laws, institutionalizing discrimination against Jews and providing the legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany.⟶
GermanyNuremberg LawsantisemitismdiscriminationJewspersecutionHolocaustracismlegal framework
🛂 Jewish Passports Stamped with 'J'
Germany invalidates the passports of all its Jewish citizens who are reissued passports with the letter "J" stamped in red. This change was made after requests by Sweden and Switzerland who wanted a way of easily denying Jews entry into their countries.⟶
GermanyJewsDiscriminationPassportPersecutionAnti-SemitismHolocaustLegal Discrimination
🔥 Kristallnacht Pogrom
The Nazis use von Rath's death as the pretext for the Kristallnacht Pogrom in Germany; thousands of Jewish shops and synagogues are smashed, looted, burned, and destroyed throughout the country.⟶
GermanyKristallnachtPogromAnti-SemitismHolocaustViolencePersecutionJewsNaziSynagogues
😠 The Great Provocation in Vilnius
"The Great Provocation" in Vilnius – German forces stage an attack on their soldiers by Jews, leading to a 'retaliation' mass arrest of the residents of old Jewish quarter, to be murdered at Ponary, three days later.⟶
LithuaniaVilniusGermanyJewsMassacreHolocaustAnti-SemitismPropagandaWar CrimePersecution
✡️ Jews Forced to Wear Yellow Star
All Jews under German rule must wear the yellow star of David badge with "Jew" clearly written in it, are forbidden to live with or marry non-Jews, and are forbidden to leave their towns without written consent, in accordance with the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. The decree, signed by Heydrich, is to take effect on September 19.⟶
GermanyJewsHolocaustAnti-SemitismPersecutionDiscriminationNuremberg LawsDecreeIdentity
✡️ Jews in Berlin Required to Identify Their Houses
Jews in Berlin must now clearly identify their houses.⟶
GermanyBerlinJewsAnti-SemitismNazi RegimeDiscriminationHolocaustSegregationPersecution