1961 ⟶ First Codon of the Genetic Code Cracked
J. Heinrich Matthaei cracked the first codon of the genetic ...
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🧬 Oswald Avery proves DNA is genetic material
Oswald Avery proves that DNA is the genetic material of the chromosome⟶
GeneticsDNAMolecular BiologyAveryChromosomeHeredityScientific Breakthrough20th Century Science
USA🧪 Hershey-Chase Experiment: DNA as Genetic Material
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that DNA is the genetic material in bacteriophage viruses.⟶
BiologyGeneticsMolecular BiologyDNAAlfred HersheyMartha ChaseBacteriophagesGenetic Material
United States🦠 Discovery of Bacterial RNA Polymerase
Four separate researchers (S. Weiss, J. Hurwitz, Audrey Stevens Niyogi and J. Bonner) discovered bacterial RNA polymerase, which polymerizes nucleotides under the direction of DNA.⟶
RNA PolymeraseMolecular BiologyGeneticsTranscriptionBacteriaS. WeissJ. HurwitzAudrey Stevens NiyogiJ. Bonner
United States🅰️ First Codon of the Genetic Code Cracked
J. Heinrich Matthaei cracked the first codon of the genetic code (the codon for the amino acid phenylalanine) using Grunberg-Manago's 1955 enzyme system for making polynucleotides.⟶
Genetic CodeCodonGeneticsMolecular BiologyJ. Heinrich MatthaeiPolynucleotides
Germany🧬 Genetic Code Fully Cracked
Genetic code fully cracked through trial-and-error experimental work.⟶
GeneticsMolecular BiologyGenetic CodeProtein SynthesisTrial-and-error1960sDNACentral Dogma
United KingdomUnited States