1858 ⟶ Feudal Holdings Abolished in Ottoman Empire

Feudal holdings abolished in the Ottoman Empire.
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Year
1828
1856
1858
1861
1876
1878

🇷🇺 Russia Declares War on Ottoman Empire

Russia declared war against Ottoman Empire.⟶
Russia Declares War on Ottoman Empire (1828)
Russo-Turkish WarOttoman EmpireWar19th CenturyBalkansConflictEuropeInternational relations
RussiaRussiaOttoman EmpireOttoman Empire

📜 Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu (Reform Edict)

Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu (the Reform Edict of 1856) is issued on February 18 and constitutes the most important Ottoman reform measure of the nineteenth century. It guaranteed the lives and property of Christians, replaced the heads of churches with a national synod, provided full freedom of conscience and civil participation for adherents to all religions. The edict was forced on the sultan by the British, French and Austrians to forestall a Russian intervention.⟶
Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu (Reform Edict) (1856)
Ottoman Empire19th centuryReformTanzimatReligious FreedomCivil RightsEuropean InfluenceLaw
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

⚖️ Feudal Holdings Abolished in Ottoman Empire

Feudal holdings abolished in the Ottoman Empire.⟶
Ottoman Empire19th centuryLand ReformTanzimatLawFeudalism
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

👑 Abdülaziz Succeeds Abd-ul-Mejid I in Ottoman Empire

Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid I died and is succeeded by Abdülaziz whose reign (1861-1876) is notable for the rapid spread of western influence (particularly Great Britain and France, allies of the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War), as evidenced by the first foreign loans, railroad construction, and public debt administration, and the rise of secular liberalism, shown by literary revival, translation of Western literature, rise of Turkish journalism and establishment of universities.⟶
Abdülaziz Succeeds Abd-ul-Mejid I in Ottoman Empire (1861)
Ottoman EmpireAbdülaziz19th centuryLeadershipTanzimatWestern Influence
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

👑 Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (first phase)

Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (Turkey)(first phase)⟶
Ottoman EmpireConstitutional MonarchyTanzimatReformGovernanceModernization19th Century
TurkeyTurkey

🇬🇧 Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to Britain

Ottoman Empire handed over Cyprus to Britain.⟶
Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to Britain (1878)
Ottoman EmpireBritish EmpireCyprusTerritorial LossImperialismColonialism19th Century
CyprusCyprusTurkeyTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom