1981 ⟶ Ernst Zündel's Canadian Mailing Ban
From 1981 to 1982, Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel had his mai...
Year
1970
1974
1978
1981
1984
🇨🇦 Canadian Legislation Regarding Nazi Flags
Canada has no legislation specifically restricting the ownership, display, purchase, import or export of Nazi flags. However, sections 318–320 of the Criminal Code, adopted by Canada's parliament in 1970 and based in large part on the 1965 Cohen Committee recommendations, provide law enforcement agencies with broad scope to intervene if such flags are used to communicate hatred in a public place (particularly sections 319(1), 319(2), and 319(7).⟶
CanadaNazi flagsCriminal CodeHate speechLegislation1970sFreedom of speechSymbolism
Canada✍️ Publication of 'Did Six Million Really Die?'
Did Six Million Really Die?? The Truth at Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym Richard E. Harwood and published by Ernst Zündel in 1974.⟶
Holocaust DenialAnti-SemitismRevisionismErnst ZündelRichard Verrall1970sPropaganda
United Kingdom🏢 Willis Carto Founds the Institute for Historical Review
In 1978 Willis Carto founded the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), an organization dedicated to publicly challenging the commonly accepted history of the Holocaust.⟶
Holocaust DenialInstitute for Historical ReviewWillis CartoRevisionism1970sPropagandaAnti-Semitism
United States✍️ Robert Faurisson's Holocaust Denial Letters
In December 1978 and January 1979, Robert Faurisson, a French professor of literature at the University of Lyon, wrote two letters to Le Monde claiming that the Gas chambers used by the Nazis to exterminate the Jews did not exist.⟶
Holocaust DenialHistorical RevisionismAnti-SemitismIntellectual DiscoursePropagandaAcademic ControversyPost-WarFaurissonGas Chambers
France📜 Ernst Zündel's Canadian Mailing Ban
From 1981 to 1982, Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel had his mailing privileges suspended by the Canadian government on the grounds that he had been using the mail to send hate propaganda, a criminal offence in Canada. Zündel then began shipping from a post office box in Niagara Falls, New York, until the ban on his mailing in Canada was lifted in January 1983.⟶
Holocaust DenialErnst ZündelHate SpeechMailing BanCanadaPropagandaFreedom of SpeechAnti-Semitism
CanadaUnited States👨🏫 James Keegstra's Antisemitic Teachings
In 1984, James Keegstra, a Canadian high-school teacher, was charged under the Canadian Criminal Code for "promoting hatred against an identifiable group by communicating anti-Semitic statements to his students". During class, he would describe Jews as a people of profound evil who had "created the Holocaust to gain sympathy." He also tested his students in exams on his theories and opinion of Jews.⟶
AntisemitismHolocaust DenialHate SpeechEducationJames KeegstraFreedom of SpeechCanadian Law1980s
Canada