138 ⟶ Easing of Persecution after Hadrian's Death and the Move to Galilee
With Emperor Hadrian's death, the persecution of Jews within...
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💔 Hadrian's Persecution and Bar Kokhba Revolt
The Roman emperor Hadrian, among other provocations, renames Jerusalem "Aelia Capitolina" and prohibits circumcision. Simon bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba) leads a large Jewish revolt against Rome in response to Hadrian's actions. In the aftermath, most Jewish population is annihilated (about 580,000 killed) and Hadrian renames the province of Judea to Syria Palaestina, and attempts to root out Judaism.⟶
Roman EmpireHadrianBar Kokhba RevoltJewish RevoltReligious PersecutionJudeaAelia CapitolinaCircumcisionMassacreSyria Palaestina
Israel🕊️ Easing of Persecution after Hadrian's Death and the Move to Galilee
With Emperor Hadrian's death, the persecution of Jews within the Roman Empire is eased and Jews are allowed to visit Jerusalem on Tisha B'av. In the following centuries the Jewish center moves to Galilee.⟶
Roman EmpireHadrianJewish CommunityGalileeTisha B'AvJewish HistoryReligious ToleranceJewish Life
Israel⚖️ Constantine's Restrictions and Religious Tolerance
Roman Emperor Constantine I enacts new restrictive legislation. Conversion of Christians to Judaism is outlawed, congregations for religious services are curtailed, but Jews are also allowed to enter Jerusalem on the anniversary of the Temple's destruction.⟶
Constantine IRoman EmpireReligious LawJewish LawJudaismEarly ChristianityReligious ToleranceJerusalemToleration
🏗️ Julian's Attempt to Rebuild the Second Temple
The last pagan Roman Emperor, Julian, allows the Jews to return to "holy Jerusalem which you have for many years longed to see rebuilt" and to rebuild the Second Temple. Shortly after, the Emperor is assassinated, and the plan is dissolved.⟶
JulianRoman EmpireSecond TempleJerusalemJewish HistoryReligious ToleranceJewish CommunityPolitics
Israel
Greece🌋 Galilee Earthquake of 363
📣 Empress Eudocia and the Call for Return
The Empress Eudocia removes the ban on Jews' praying at the Temple site and the heads of the Community in Galilee issue a call "to the great and mighty people of the Jews": "Know that the end of the exile of our people has come"!⟶
EudociaJerusalemJewish CommunityJewish HistoryReligious ToleranceJewish DiasporaGalilee
Israel