660 ⟶ Ali's recapture of Hijaz and Yemen. Muawiyah declares Caliphate
Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Muawiyah. Muawiyah I dec...
Year
656
657
659
660
661
684
🪦 Assassination of Uthman and Ali's Caliphate
In the summer a band of tribesmen from Egypt comes to Medina and after unsuccessful negotiations they attack and kill Uthman, the third Caliph.[6] Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph.⟶
Uthman ibn AffanAli ibn Abi TalibAssassinationCaliphateEarly Islamic HistoryPolitical TransitionFitnaLeadership
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
🇪🇬 Muawiyah I conquers Egypt
Conquest of Egypt by Muawiyah I.⟶
Muawiyah IExpansionEarly Islamic HistoryUmayyad CaliphateConquestGovernanceMilitary CampaignEgypt
Egypt
Syria
🪦 Assassination of Ali
29 January – Ali, fourth Caliph, is assassinated in Kufa, reportedly by Kharijites.[9] He is buried in Najaf, Iraq.⟶
Ali ibn Abi TalibAssassinationKharijitesCaliphateEarly Islamic HistoryFitnaReligious ConflictLeadership
Iraq⚔️ Abd Allah ibn Zubayr Declares Himself Caliph; Battle of Marj Rahit
Abd Allah ibn Zubayr declares himself as the caliph at Mecca. Marwan I becomes the caliph at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahit.⟶
Abd Allah ibn ZubayrMarwan IBattle of Marj RahitFitnaCivil WarUmayyad CaliphateCaliphatePower Struggle
Saudi ArabiaSyria