1179 ⟶ Third Lateran Council Restricts Jewish Rights
The Third Council of the Lateran, Canon 26, forbids Jews to ...
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📜 Third Council of Orléans: Restrictions on Jewish Employment and Public Appearance
The Third Council of Orléans forbids Jews to employ Christian servants or possess Christian slaves. Jews are prohibited from appearing in the streets during Passion Week: "their appearance is an insult to Christianity". The Merovingian king Childebert approves the measure.⟶
Early Middle AgesChurch CouncilsMerovingian DynastyReligious LawDiscriminationChristianityLegal RestrictionsJewish-Christian Relations
France📜 Council of Narbonne Bans Jewish Burial Practices; Council of Toledo Restricts Jewish Rights
The Council of Narbonne, Septimania, forbids Jews from chanting Psalms while burying their dead. Anyone violating this law is fined 6 ounces of gold. The third Council of Toledo, held under Visigothic King Reccared, bans Jews from slave ownership and holding positions of authority, and reiterates the mutual ban on intermarriage. Reccared also rules children out of such marriages to be raised as Christians.⟶
Church CouncilsVisigothic KingdomReligious LawDiscriminationIntermarriageSlave OwnershipJewish BurialLegal RestrictionsEarly Middle Ages
France
Spain📜 Third Lateran Council Restricts Jewish Rights
The Third Council of the Lateran, Canon 26, forbids Jews to be plaintiffs or witnesses against Christians in the courts or withhold inheritance from descendants who had accepted Christianity.⟶
Catholic ChurchMedieval PeriodReligious LawDiscriminationLegal RestrictionsCouncil of the LateranAntisemitism12th Century
Italy👗 Fourth Lateran Council's Decree on Jewish Dress
The Fourth Lateran Council headed by Pope Innocent III declares: "Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress." (Canon 68). See Judenhut. The Fourth Lateran Council also noted that the Jews' own law required the wearing of identifying symbols. Pope Innocent III also reiterated papal injunctions against forcible conversions, and added: "No Christian shall do the Jews any personal injury...or deprive them of their possessions...or disturb them during the celebration of their festivals...or extort money from them by threatening to exhume their dead."⟶
Medieval PeriodCatholic ChurchLateran CouncilCanon LawJewish IdentityClothingSegregationInnocent III
📜 Council of Oxford Restricts Jewish Rights
Council of Oxford: Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton forbids Jews from building new synagogues, owning slaves or mixing with Christians.⟶
Medieval PeriodCouncil of OxfordSynagogueEconomic RestrictionsStephen LangtonSegregation
United Kingdom📜 Pope Callixtus III Restricts Jewish Testimony Against Christians
Pope Caliextus III issues a papal bull which prohibits Jews from testifying against Christians, but permits Christians to testify against a Jew.⟶
Papal BullTestimonyDiscriminationReligious LawPope Callixtus IIIMedieval PeriodLegislation
Vatican City