429 ⟶ Theodosius II Seizes Jewish School Funds

The East Roman Emperor Theodosius II orders that all funds r...
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429
529
531
722
788
931

💰 Theodosius II Seizes Jewish School Funds

The East Roman Emperor Theodosius II orders that all funds raised by Jews to support their schools be turned over to his treasury.⟶
Theodosius II Seizes Jewish School Funds (429)
Byzantine EmpireTaxationEducationReligious PersecutionEastern Roman EmpireTheodosius II
TurkeyTurkey

⚖️ Justinian's Laws Restrict Jewish Rights

Byzantine Emperor Justinian the Great publishes Corpus Juris Civilis. New laws restrict citizenship to Christians. These regulations determined the status of Jews throughout the Empire for hundreds of years: Jewish civil rights restricted: "they shall enjoy no honors". The principle of Servitus Judaeorum (Servitude of the Jews) is established: the Jews cannot testify against Christians. The emperor becomes an arbiter in internal Jewish matters. The use of the Hebrew language in worship is forbidden. Shema Yisrael ("Hear, O Israel, the Lord is one"), sometimes considered the most important prayer in Judaism, is banned as a denial of the Trinity. Some Jewish communities are converted by force, their synagogues turned into churches.⟶
Justinian's Laws Restrict Jewish Rights (529)
Byzantine EmpireJustinian ICorpus Juris CivilisServitus JudaeorumLegal DiscriminationReligious PersecutionShema Yisrael
TurkeyTurkeyEgyptEgyptIsraelIsraelGreeceGreece

📜 Justinian Censorship of Jewish Liturgy

Emperor Justinian rules that Jews cannot testify against Christians. Jewish liturgy is censored for being "anti-trinitarian."⟶
Byzantine EmpireJustinian ILiturgyCensorshipReligious PersecutionAnti-Trinitarian
TurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreece

✝️ Byzantine Jews Forced to Convert

Byzantine emperor Leo III forcibly converts all Jews and Montanists in the empire into mainstream Byzantine Christianity.⟶
Byzantine Jews Forced to Convert (722)
Forced ConversionByzantine EmpireReligious PersecutionEastern ChristianityAnti-JudaismLeo IIIEarly Middle AgesReligious Law
GreeceGreeceTurkeyTurkeyBulgariaBulgariaNorth MacedoniaNorth Macedonia

⚔️ Idriss I Attacks Jewish Communities in North Africa

Idriss I attacks Jewish communities, imposes high per capita taxes, and forces them to provide annual virgins for his harem for refusing to attack other Jewish communities. According to Maghrebi tradition, the Jewish tribe Ubaid Allah left and settled in Djerba.⟶
Idriss I Attacks Jewish Communities in North Africa (788)
ViolenceNorth AfricaIslamic WorldTaxationReligious PersecutionIdriss IEarly Islamic Period
MoroccoMoroccoAlgeriaAlgeriaTunisiaTunisiaLibyaLibya

📜 Byzantine Decree of Forced Conversion

Romanos I Lekapenos decreed that all Jews should be forced to convert and subjugated if they refuse. This leads to the death of hundreds of Jews and the destruction of numerous synagogues.⟶
Byzantine Decree of Forced Conversion (931)
Byzantine EmpireForced ConversionReligious PersecutionAntisemitismRomanos I LekapenosJewish CommunitiesPersecutionEastern Roman Empire
GreeceGreeceTurkeyTurkey