1858 ⟶ The Edgardo Mortara Affair
Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old Jewish boy whom a maid had b...
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1834
1858
🚪 Jews and New Christians Expelled from Calabria
Spanish gain control of Calabria and expel all Jews and New Christians.⟶
ExpulsionForced ConversionReligious PersecutionItalyEarly Modern PeriodSephardic Jews
Italy📜 Pope Pius V Reinstates Harsh Anti-Jewish Laws
Antonio Ghislieri elected and, as Pope Pius V, reinstates the harsh anti-Jewish laws of Pope Paul IV.⟶
Anti-Jewish legislationPope Pius VReligious persecutionItalyCatholic Church16th CenturyReinstatement
Italy
🕍 Forced Conversion of Shiraz Jews
The Jews of Shiraz are forced to convert to Islam.⟶
PersecutionForced ConversionReligious PersecutionIranJewish Community19th Century
Iran🗡️ Execution of Sol Hachuel in Morocco
Jewish heroine and Martyr Sol Hachuel is publicly decapitated at 17 years old in Fez, Morocco. She is executed for refusing to convert to Islam.⟶
Religious PersecutionIndividual ViolenceMartyrdomMorocco19th CenturySol HachuelForced Conversion
Morocco👶 The Edgardo Mortara Affair
Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old Jewish boy whom a maid had baptized during an illness, is taken from his parents in Bologna, an episode which aroused universal indignation in liberal circles.⟶
MortaraKidnappingCatholic ChurchItalyReligious Persecution19th CenturyForced ConversionPapal States
Italy