1570 ⟶ Pope Pius V Excommunicates Elizabeth I
Pope Pius V issues Regnans in Excelsis, a papal bull excommu...
Year
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1582
⛪ Council of Trent Begins
The Council of Trent meets for the first time in Trent (in northern Italy).⟶
CatholicismCounter-ReformationCouncilReligious HistoryChristianityReligious DoctrineChurch Reform
Italy🙏 Francis Xavier's Missionary Work in the Moluccas
Francis Xavier works among the peoples of Ambon, Ternate and Morotai (Moro) laying the foundations for a permanent mission. (to 1547)⟶
ChristianityColonialismCatholicismMissionary WorkReligious ConversionExploration
Indonesia⛪ Portuguese Dominicans Begin Christianization in Java
Portuguese Dominican priests build a palm-trunk fortress which Javanese Muslims burned down the following year. The fort was rebuilt from more durable materials and the Dominicans commenced the Christianisation of the local population.⟶
ChristianityIslamColonialismFortificationReligious ConflictCatholicismReligious ConversionPortuguese Empire
Indonesia
Portugal📜 Pope Pius V Excommunicates Elizabeth I
Pope Pius V issues Regnans in Excelsis, a papal bull excommunicating all who obeyed Elizabeth I and calling on all Catholics to rebel against her.⟶
ChristianityReligious ConflictPapal BullElizabeth ICounter-ReformationExcommunicationEnglish ReformationCatholicism
United Kingdom
Vatican City⚔️ Pope Pius V Forms Holy League Against Ottoman Turks
Pope Pius V completes the Holy League as a united front against the Ottoman Turks, responding to the fall of Cyprus to the Ottomans.⟶
Ottoman EmpireRenaissanceCounter-ReformationNaval WarfareReligionMilitary AllianceGeopolitics
Ottoman EmpireItaly
Spain
Malta🗓️ Gregorian Calendar Reforms Introduced
Pope Gregory XIII issues the Gregorian calendar. The last day of the Julian calendar was Thursday, 4 October 1582 and this was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582⟶
CalendarAstronomyTimekeepingGregorian CalendarReligious AuthorityRenaissance
Vatican CityItaly