1648 ⟶ Peace of Westphalia: Ending Wars and Reshaping European Power
The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the E...
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1618
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1648
1678
🤝 Treaty of London: Non-Aggression Pact
The Treaty of London was a non-aggression pact between the major European nations. The signatories were Burgundy, France, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, the Papal States and Spain, all of whom agreed not to attack one another and to come to the aid of any that were under attack.⟶
TreatyDiplomacyRenaissanceEuropean PoliticsBalance of PowerInternational RelationsBurgundy
France
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Spain🪟 Prague Officials Thrown from Castle Windows
Thirty Years' WarReligious ConflictChristianityHoly Roman EmpireHabsburgsPolitical ViolenceDiplomacy
Czech Republic🤝 Cardinal Richelieu's Alliance with Sweden Against the Habsburgs
Cardinal Richelieu allies with Swedish Protestant forces in the Thirty Years' War to counter Ferdinand II's expansion.⟶
Thirty Years' WarHabsburgsReligious ConflictBalance of PowerChristianityCatholicismDiplomacy
France
Sweden🕊️ Peace of Westphalia: Ending Wars and Reshaping European Power
The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.Map of Europe in 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years' War⟶
Peace TreatyThirty Years' WarEighty Years' WarSovereigntyBalance of PowerDiplomacyReligious ToleranceHoly Roman Empire
SpainFranceSweden🕊️ Treaty of Nijmegen Ends Franco-Dutch War
The Treaty of Nijmegen ends various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sweden, Denmark, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Holy Roman Empire.Claiming Louisiana for France in 1682⟶
TreatyWarfareDiplomacyBalance of PowerDutch RepublicHoly Roman EmpireLouis XIVConflicts
FranceSpainSweden
Denmark