1867 ⟶ Luxembourg's Fortifications Demolished Following Diplomatic Crisis
The Luxembourg Crisis: diplomatic confrontation between Fran...
Year
1807
1815
1866
1867
1877
1908
🤝 Treaty of Tilsit: Napoleon Redraws Eastern Europe
Second treaty of Tilsit: Napoleon reorganizes Eastern Europe; rump Prussia becomes ally.⟶
Napoleonic WarsTreatyDiplomacyNapoleon BonaparteGeopoliticsAlliances
France
Russia
Poland🗺️ Congress of Vienna Redraws European Map
The Congress of Vienna redraws the European map. Reaction and conservatism dominate all of Europe. The Concert of Europe attempts to preserve this settlement, but the forces of liberalism and nationalism make for dramatic changes. It marks the beginning of a Pax Britannica which lasts until 1914.⟶
RestorationConservatismNationalismLiberalismGeopoliticsEuropean History
AustriaRussia
United KingdomFrance🇩🇪 Austro-Prussian War: German Confederation Dissolved; New Entities Created
Austro-Prussian War results in the dissolution of the German Confederation and the creation of the North German Confederation and the Austrian-Hungarian Dual Monarchy.⟶
WarfareNationalismUnificationGerman ConfederationAustro-Hungarian EmpireRealpolitikOtto von BismarckEuropean History
Austria
Germany
Hungary🧱 Luxembourg's Fortifications Demolished Following Diplomatic Crisis
The Luxembourg Crisis: diplomatic confrontation between France and Prussia on the status of Luxembourg and the towns fortifications are torn down.⟶
DiplomacyNationalismGeopoliticsFortificationsOtto von Bismarck
LuxembourgFrance🕊️ Treaty of Berlin: Independence and Autonomy in the Balkans
1877–1878: Following the Russo-Turkish War, the Treaty of Berlin recognizes formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, Montenegro and Romania. Bulgaria becomes autonomous.⟶
TreatyIndependenceAutonomyNationalismRusso-Turkish WarGeopoliticsDiplomacyEastern Question
Serbia
Montenegro
Romania
Bulgaria
TurkeyRussia💣 Austria-Hungary Annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina
early October: Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, triggering the Bosnian Crisis.⟶
ImperialismAnnexationNationalismAustria-HungaryDiplomacyGreat PowersPre-World War IGeopolitics
Austria-Hungary
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerbiaOttoman Empire