1865 ⟶ Loschmidt Determines Avogadro Constant

Johann Josef Loschmidt determines exact number of molecules ...
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1867

🎈 Avogadro Proposes Law of Gases

Amedeo Avogadro proposes Avogadro's law, that equal volumes of gases under constant temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.⟶
Avogadro Proposes Law of Gases (1811)
ChemistryGas LawsAvogadro's LawMoleculesAmedeo Avogadro19th Century SciencePhysical ChemistryIdeal Gas
ItalyItaly

💨 Amedeo Avogadro Proposes Avogadro's Law

Amedeo Avogadro: Avogadro's law (Gas law).⟶
Amedeo Avogadro Proposes Avogadro's Law (1827)
ChemistryAvogadro's LawGas lawMolecular theory19th centuryAvogadroPhysics
ItalyItaly

📏 Rudolf Clausius introduces the concept of mean free path

Rudolf Clausius: Introduced the concept of mean free path⟶
Rudolf Clausius introduces the concept of mean free path (1857)
Mean Free PathKinetic TheoryRudolf ClausiusPhysicsStatistical Mechanics19th CenturyScience
GermanyGermany

🧪 Loschmidt Determines Avogadro Constant

Johann Josef Loschmidt determines exact number of molecules in a mole, later named Avogadro constant.⟶
Loschmidt Determines Avogadro Constant (1865)
ChemistryPhysicsLoschmidtAvogadro ConstantMolecular Physics19th CenturyKinetic TheoryStatistical Mechanics
AustriaAustria

🌡️ Clausius' Definition of Entropy

Rudolf Clausius: Definition of entropy.⟶
Clausius' Definition of Entropy (1865)
PhysicsThermodynamicsEntropyClausius19th CenturyHeatStatistical MechanicsEnergy
GermanyGermany

💨 Maxwell's On the Dynamical Theory of Gases

James Clerk Maxwell: On the Dynamical Theory of Gases (kinetic theory of gases)⟶
Maxwell's On the Dynamical Theory of Gases (1867)
PhysicsKinetic Theory of GasesMaxwellThermodynamics19th CenturyGasesStatistical MechanicsMolecular Physics
United KingdomUnited Kingdom