1826 ⟶ Janissaries Massacre
Janissaries massacred by forces loyal to Mahmud II after the...Year
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👑 Selim III Deposed
Selim III deposed by Janissaries.⟶

Selim IIIOttoman EmpireJanissariesLeadershipPolitical Intrigue19th CenturyGovernanceReformMilitary History


👑 Mahmud II Ascends the Ottoman Throne
Bairakdar, the ayan of Rusçuk, having arrived in Constantinople too late to restore Selim III (who had been strangled), installed Mahmud II, the sole surviving member of the Ottoman line.⟶

Mahmud IIOttoman EmpireLeadershipGovernance19th CenturyPolitical HistoryReformJanissariesEuropean History


🩸 Muhammad Ali's Massacre of the Mamluks
Muhammad Ali has Mamluks massacred in the Citadel of Cairo, thereby consolidating his absolute power.⟶

Muhammad Ali of EgyptMamluksEgyptLeadershipViolence19th CenturyGovernancePolitical HistoryMilitary History

🔪 Janissaries Massacre
Janissaries massacred by forces loyal to Mahmud II after they revolted following formation of new army corps.⟶
JanissariesMahmud IIOttoman EmpireMilitary reform19th CenturyGovernanceMilitaryReform


📜 Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane and the Tanzimât Reforms
The Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (Supreme Edict of the Rose House) issued by sultan Abdülmecid I, which began the Tanzimât reforms of the Ottoman Empire.⟶

Ottoman EmpireReformGovernance19th CenturyTanzimatModernization

👑 Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (first phase)
Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (Turkey)(first phase)⟶
Ottoman EmpireConstitutional MonarchyTanzimatReformGovernanceModernization19th Century
