1931Hückel's Rule Predicts Aromaticity

Erich Hückel proposes Hückel's rule, which explains when a p...
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Year
1865
1931
1932

⚛️ Kekulé's Discovery of Benzene Ring Structure

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.
Kekulé's Discovery of Benzene Ring Structure (1865)
ChemistryOrganic ChemistryKekuléBenzeneMolecular Structure19th CenturyStructural FormulaChemical Bonding
GermanyGermany

🔷 Kekulé Establishes Structure of Benzene

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, based partially on the work of Loschmidt and others, establishes structure of benzene as a six carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds.
Kekulé Establishes Structure of Benzene (1865)
ChemistryOrganic ChemistryKekuléBenzeneMolecular Structure19th CenturyStructural FormulaChemical Bonding
GermanyGermany

⚛️ Hückel's Rule Predicts Aromaticity

Erich Hückel proposes Hückel's rule, which explains when a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties.
Hückel's Rule Predicts Aromaticity (1931)
Organic ChemistryAromaticityHückel's RulePlanar Ring MoleculesMolecular StructureTheoretical ChemistryHückelChemical Bonding
GermanyGermany

🔗 Pauling and Mulliken Quantify Electronegativity

Linus Pauling and Robert Mulliken quantify electronegativity, devising the scales that now bear their names.
Pauling and Mulliken Quantify Electronegativity (1932)
ChemistryElectronegativityPaulingMullikenChemical BondingMolecular PropertiesChemical ScalesTheoretical Chemistry
United StatesUnited States