912 ⟶ Golden Age of Jewish Culture in Spain Begins

The Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. Abd-ar-Rahman III...
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Year
711
912
1013
1090
1918

🕌 Umayyad Conquest of Spain

Ummayad armies invade and occupy most of Spain (at this time Jews made up about 8% of Spain's population). Under Visigothic rule, Jews had been subject to frequent and intense persecution, which was formalized under Muslim rule due to the dhimmi rules in Islam. Jews and Christians had to pay the jizya. Some sources mark this as the beginning of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, although most mention 912.⟶
Umayyad Conquest of Spain (711)
Umayyad CaliphateSpainDhimmiGolden AgeMuslim Rule7th Century8th CenturyAl-Andalus
SpainSpainMoroccoMorocco

🌟 Golden Age of Jewish Culture in Spain Begins

The Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. Abd-ar-Rahman III becomes Caliph of Spain in 912, ushering in the height of tolerance. Muslims granted Jews and Christians exemptions from military service, the right to their own courts of law, and a guarantee of safety of their property. Jewish poets, scholars, scientists, statesmen and philosophers flourished in and were an integral part of the extensive Arab civilization. This period ended with the Cordoba massacre in 1013.⟶
Golden Age of Jewish Culture in Spain Begins (912)
Golden AgeSpainToleranceAbd-ar-Rahman IIIJewish CultureMuslim RuleCordobaMedieval Period
SpainSpain

⚔️ Massacre and Flight from Cordoba

During the fall of the city, Sulayman's troops looted Córdoba and massacred citizens of the city, including many Jews. Prominent Jews in Córdoba, such as Samuel ibn Naghrela were forced to flee to the city in 1013.⟶
CordobaMassacreSulaymanSamuel ibn NaghrelaSpainFlightMedieval Period
SpainSpain

🏚️ Jewish Community of Granada Destroyed

Granada was captured by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, King of the Almoravides. The Jewish community, believed to have sided with the Christians, was destroyed. Many fled, penniless, to Christian Toledo.⟶
Jewish Community of Granada Destroyed (1090)
GranadaAlmoravidesYusuf ibn TashfinToledoSpainExpulsionMedieval Period
SpainSpain

🎤 The Golden Age of Hazzanut

The period between the two World Wars is often referred to as the "golden age" of hazzanut (cantors). Some of the great Jewish cantors of this era include Abraham Davis, Moshe Koussevitzky, Zavel Kwartin (1874–1953), Jan Peerce, Josef "Yossele" Rosenblatt (1882–1933), Gershon Sirota (1874–1943), and Laibale Waldman.⟶
The Golden Age of Hazzanut (1918)
HazzanutCantorsJewish MusicGolden AgeCultureJewish ArtEastern EuropeYiddish
United StatesUnited States