843 ⟶ First Depiction of Rotary Grindstone and Crank in Europe

First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source—illu...
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843
1104
1185
1286
1290
1642

⚙️ First Depiction of Rotary Grindstone and Crank in Europe

First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source—illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, 843)⟶
First Depiction of Rotary Grindstone and Crank in Europe (843)
Middle AgesMechanical Devices

🚢 Founding of the Venice Arsenal

The Venice Arsenal of Venice, Italy, is founded. It employed some 16,000 people for the mass production of sailing ships in large assembly lines, hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution.⟶
Founding of the Venice Arsenal (1104)
ShipbuildingNaval TechnologyMiddle AgesAssembly LineIndustrial RevolutionTradeEconomyMaritime Power
ItalyItaly

⚙️ First Documented Use of Windmills

First record of windmills.⟶
First Documented Use of Windmills (1185)
Middle AgesEnergyAgricultureWind PowerResource Management
United KingdomUnited Kingdom

👓 Invention of Eyeglasses in Italy

Eyeglasses in Italy⟶
Invention of Eyeglasses in Italy (1286)
Middle AgesOpticsHealth
ItalyItaly

👓 Eyeglasses Invented in Northern Italy

Eyeglasses are invented in Northern Italy, possibly Pisa, demonstrating knowledge of human biology and optics, to offer bespoke works that compensate for an individual human disability.⟶
Eyeglasses Invented in Northern Italy (1290)
OpticsMedicineMiddle Ages
ItalyItaly

🧮 Blaise Pascal Builds the Pascaline

Mechanical calculator. The Pascaline is built by Blaise Pascal.⟶
Blaise Pascal Builds the Pascaline (1642)
MathematicsBlaise PascalScientific RevolutionMechanical Devices
FranceFrance