1864 ⟶ Circassian Genocide
Circassian genocide
Year
1833
1853
1856
1859
1864
📜 Convention of Kütahya
At the urging of France, the Convention of Kütahya ended the war between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire and provided that the empire grant the sultan of Egypt all of Syria and Adana.⟶
Ottoman EmpireEgyptSyriaWar19th CenturyMuhammad Ali
Turkey
Egypt🤝 Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi
The Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi established alliance between the Ottoman Empire and Russia and provided that the Ottomans would close the Dardanelles to any foreign warships at the Russians' request.⟶
Ottoman EmpireRussiaAllianceInternational Relations19th CenturyDardanelles
Turkey
Russia⚔️ Russia Occupies Danubian Principalities, Triggering Crimean War
After a series of intrigues ostensibly designed to enable it to act as protector of Orthodox Christians in Ottoman territories failed, Russia occupied the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in March. The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia in October beginning the Crimean War. Great Britain and France would declare war on Russia the following March.⟶
Crimean WarOttoman EmpireRussia19th centuryWarEuropean PowersOrthodox Christians
RussiaOttoman Empire
Moldova🤝 Treaty of Paris Ends Crimean War
Treaty of Paris (March 30) ends Crimean War, and admits Turkey into the European concert, whereby its independence and imperial integrity was guaranteed. Russia ceded the mouths of the Danube and Bessarabia, returned Kurs, relinquished its claim as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire and agreed to the neutralization of the Black Sea.⟶
Crimean WarTreaty of ParisOttoman EmpireRussia19th centuryWarEuropean Powers
Ottoman EmpireRussia
France
Great Britain🛡️ Imam Shamil Surrenders to Russian Forces
Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Dagestan became a Russian province.⟶
Imam ShamilRussian EmpireCaucasus19th centuryResistanceWar
Russia💔 Circassian Genocide
Circassian GenocideRussia19th centuryWarEthnic cleansingCaucasusOttoman Empire
Russia