1519 ⟶ Charles V Becomes Holy Roman Emperor
Death of Emperor Maximilian; Charles I of Austria, Spain, an...
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📜 Martin Luther Posts Ninety-Five Theses
The Reformation begins when Martin Luther posts his Ninety-five Theses in Saxony.⟶
ChristianitySaxonyReligious ReformCatholicismPrinting PressReligious DoctrineHeresy
Germany👑 Charles V Becomes Holy Roman Emperor
Death of Emperor Maximilian; Charles I of Austria, Spain, and the Low Countries becomes Emperor of Holy Roman Empire as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (ruled until 1556).⟶
Holy Roman EmpireCharles VEmperorSuccessionHabsburgsMonarchyImperialism
Germany
Spain
Austria
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg⚔️ Battle of Pavia: French Defeat and Capture of Francis I
German and Spanish forces defeat France at the Battle of Pavia, Francis I of France is captured.⟶
BattleHoly Roman EmpireFrancis IItalian WarsMilitary HistoryFrench MonarchySpanish EmpireImperialism
FranceSpainGermany⚔️ Charles V's Victory at the Battle of Mühlberg
Emperor Charles V decisively dismantles the Schmalkaldic League at the Battle of Mühlberg.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireChristianityCharles VBattleReligious WarsMilitary History
Germany👑 Mary I Ascends to Throne and Restores Catholicism
Mary Tudor becomes the first queen regnant of England and restores the Church of England under Papal authority.⟶
ChristianityCatholicismPapal AuthorityReligious Violence
United Kingdom👑 Spain and Portugal Unified Under Philip II
Spain unifies with Portugal under Philip II. The struggle for the throne of Portugal ends the Portuguese Empire. The Spanish and Portuguese crowns are united for 60 years, i.e. until 1640.⟶
Philip IIUnionEmpireSpanish EmpirePortuguese EmpireIberian UnionColonialismPolitical UnionMonarchy
Spain
Portugal