1512 ⟶ Castilian and Aragonese Invasion of Southern Navarre
The southern part (historical core) of the Kingdom of Navarr...
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1503
1512
1547
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1572
1580
⚔️ Spanish Victory at the Battle of Cerignola
Spain defeats France at the Battle of Cerignola. Considered to be the first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms.⟶
BattleMilitary HistoryRenaissanceGunpowderWarfareItalian Wars
Spain
France
Italy⚔️ Castilian and Aragonese Invasion of Southern Navarre
The southern part (historical core) of the Kingdom of Navarre is invaded by Castile and Aragon.⟶
InvasionNavarreCastileWarfareTerritorial DisputesFerdinand II of AragonConquest
SpainFrance⚔️ Charles V's Victory at the Battle of Mühlberg
Emperor Charles V decisively dismantles the Schmalkaldic League at the Battle of Mühlberg.⟶
Holy Roman EmpireChristianityCharles VBattleReligious WarsMilitary History
Germany✝️ Jeanne d'Albret Establishes Calvinism in Navarre
Jeanne d'Albret declares Calvinism the official religion of Navarre.⟶
NavarreHuguenotsChristianityReligious ReformFrench Wars of ReligionReligious Politics
FranceSpain👑 Jeanne d'Albret's Death and Henry of Navarre's Succession
Jeanne d'Albret dies aged 43 and is succeeded by Henry of Navarre.⟶
SuccessionHuguenotsFrench Wars of ReligionMonarchyNavarreReligious Conflict
FranceSpain👑 Spain and Portugal Unified Under Philip II
Spain unifies with Portugal under Philip II. The struggle for the throne of Portugal ends the Portuguese Empire. The Spanish and Portuguese crowns are united for 60 years, i.e. until 1640.⟶
Philip IIUnionEmpireSpanish EmpirePortuguese EmpireIberian UnionColonialismPolitical UnionMonarchy
Spain
Portugal