661 ⟶ Assassination of Ali and Umayyad Caliphate's Beginning

Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib is assassinated. His successor Hasa...
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Year
656
661
683
720
744
750

⚔️ Outbreak of the First Fitna: Muslim Civil War

661: The First Fitna occurs.⟶
Outbreak of the First Fitna: Muslim Civil War (656)
Islamic HistoryCaliphateCivil WarRashidun CaliphateUmayyad DynastySunni IslamShia IslamPolitical Instability
Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaIraqIraqEgyptEgyptSyriaSyria

⚔️ Assassination of Ali and Umayyad Caliphate's Beginning

Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib is assassinated. His successor Hasan ibn Ali abdicated the Caliphate to Muawiyah I, marking the beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate.⟶
Assassination of Ali and Umayyad Caliphate's Beginning (661)
Islamic HistoryCaliphateUmayyad DynastyShia IslamSunni IslamSuccessionCivil WarPolitical Assassination
IraqIraqSyriaSyriaSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

⚔️ Second Islamic Civil War Begins

685: The Second Fitna.⟶
Second Islamic Civil War Begins (683)
IslamCaliphateUmayyad CaliphateCivil WarPolitical InstabilityReligious ConflictSunni IslamShia Islam
SyriaSyriaIraqIraqSaudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaEgyptEgypt

👑 Caliph Umar II's Death and Yazid II's Succession

Death of caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz and succession of his cousin Yazid II on 4 February 720.⟶
Caliph Umar II's Death and Yazid II's Succession (720)
CaliphateUmayyad DynastySuccessionIslamic HistoryPolitical TransitionReligious LeadershipGovernance
SyriaSyriaSaudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaEgyptEgyptIraqIraq

👑 Assassination of Al-Walid II and Yazid III's Accession

Assassination of Al-Walid II, Succession of Yazid III to the Caliphal throne on 17 April 744.⟶
Assassination of Al-Walid II and Yazid III's Accession (744)
CaliphateUmayyad DynastySuccessionIslamic HistoryPolitical InstabilityCivil WarLeadership ChangeAssassination
SyriaSyriaIraqIraqSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

⚔️ Abbasid Revolution: Overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate

The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II (744–750) is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah. The Caliphate is moved to Baghdad which would later develop into a centre of trade and culture. The Ghana Empire begins in western Africa.⟶
Abbasid Revolution: Overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (750)
CaliphateIslamic HistoryUmayyad DynastyPolitical TransitionMiddle AgesIslamic Golden Age
SyriaSyriaIraqIraqGhanaGhanaSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia