The Year of the Four Emperors: Roman Imperial Crisis
Year: 69
Category: Politics
The Year of the Four Emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian succeed each other as emperor during the year. The year is marked by numerous instances of a breakdown in discipline and mutinous conduct amongst the Roman legions and the praetorian guard.
Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Succession, Political Instability, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Ancient rome
Roman Legions in Germania Superior Rebel Against Galba, Proclaim Vitellius Emperor
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
January 1 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Military, Rebellion, Emperor, Galba, Vitellius, Ancient rome
Galba Adopts Piso as Deputy Emperor
Year: 69
Category: Politics
January 10 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is adopted by Galba and appointed to deputy Roman Emperor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Emperor, Galba, Piso, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Civil War
Emperor Galba and Piso Murdered by Praetorian Guard
Year: 69
Category: Politics
January 15 – Galba and his adopted son Piso are murdered by the Praetorian Guard on the Roman Forum.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Galba, Piso, Civil War, Year of Four Emperors, Assassination, Political Instability
Otho's Brief Reign and Suicide
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaims himself emperor, and reigns for three months before committing suicide.
Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Emperors, Year of Four Emperors, Civil War, Political Intrigue, Succession, Ancient rome, Otho
Governor Trebellius Maximus Ousted by Mutiny in Britannia
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Marcus Trebellius Maximus, governor of Britannia, is forced to flee to Gaul after a mutiny of Legio XX Valeria Victrix at Deva Victrix (Chester).
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Mutiny, Legion, Military History, Governance, Chester
Bolanus Appointed Governor; Venutius Rebels in Britain
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Marcus Vettius Bolanus becomes the new governor of Britain and faces a second insurrection of Venutius, king of the Brigantes.
Tags: Roman Empire, Brigantes, Venutius, Rebellion, Roman Governors, Military History, Iron Age
Legions in Egypt, Syria, and Judea Declare Vespasian Emperor
Year: 69
Category: Politics
July 1 – two legions in Egypt, a legion in Syria, and a legion in Judea declare Vespasian emperor
Tags: Roman Empire, Vespasian, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Military, Succession
Tiberius Julius Alexander Swears Legion's Allegiance to Vespasian
Year: 69
Category: Politics
July 1 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as emperor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Vespasian, Ancient rome, Succession, Military
Batavian Revolt Begins
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
August 1 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Batavians, Rebellion, Military History
Germanic Warbands Attack Mainz
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
German warbands cross over to join the revolt and attack the fortress at Mainz.
Tags: Roman Empire, Germanic Tribes, Rebellion, Civil War, Military Conflict, Batavian Revolt
Batavian Revolt: Destruction of Roman Forts
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
The Batavians attack Roman forts on the Rhine frontier; Fectio and Traiectum (modern Utrecht) are destroyed.
Tags: Roman Empire, Batavians, Rebellion, Frontier, Military History, Ancient rome, Rhine
Cohors II Tungrorum Revolt in Gallia Belgica
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
In Gallia Belgica, cohors II Tungrorum, raised from the inhabitants of Atuatuca Tungrorum in the north-west of the Ardennes Forest, revolt against the Romans.
Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Military History, Ancient rome
Danubian Legions Proclaim Vespasian Emperor
Year: 69
Category: Politics
The Danubian legions of Raetia and Moesia proclaim Vespasian as emperor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Vespasian, Year of Four Emperors, Civil War, Ancient rome, Moesia, Military, Succession
Flavian Victory at the Second Battle of Bedriacum
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
October 24 – Second Battle of Bedriacum: Flavians under Antonius Primus defeat the Vitellians.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vitellius, Civil War, Battle, Military History
Vitellius Murdered, Vespasian Ascends to Power
Year: 69
Category: Politics
December 22 – Vitellius is captured and murdered by the Gemonian stairs. Vespasian becomes emperor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Political Assassination, Succession, Ancient rome, Imperial Crisis
Siege of Jerusalem by Vespasian
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Judea: The Jewish Revolt – Vespasian lays siege to Jerusalem; the city is captured the following year by his son Titus.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Siege, Vespasian, Titus, Warfare, Military Conflict, First Jewish-Roman War
Josephus Becomes Historian to Vespasian
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Josephus, Jewish rebel leader, is dragged before Vespasian and becomes his historian (he "prophesied" him his elevation to the purple).
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, History, Vespasian, Josephus, Historiography, Ancient rome, Military Leadership
Legio I Macriana Liberatrix Disbanded
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Legio I Macriana liberatrix is disbanded.
Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Legions, Military History, Civil War, Vespasian, Political Instability
Flavian Dynasty Ascends to Power
Year: 69
Category: Politics
The Flavian dynasty starts.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Emperor, Succession, Vespasian, Domitian, Titus
Boudicca's Uprising and Defeat by Roman Forces
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Boudicca, rebellious British queen
Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Warfare, Queen, Military History, Ancient rome
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus's Role in the Year of the Four Emperors
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, Roman general
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Civil War, Military Campaign, Generals, Power Struggles
Marcus Vitorius Marcellus' Political Activities
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Marcus Vitorius Marcellus, Roman politician (approximate date)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Senator, Governance
Birth of Julia Flavia, Daughter of Roman Emperor Titus
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
September 13 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Titus and lover of his brother Domitian (d. AD 96)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Titus, Domitian, Birth
Birth of Julia Agricola
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Julia Agricola, daughter of Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Family, Women's History, Biographies
Birth of Philopappos, Prince of Commagene
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Philopappos, Greek prince of Commagene (d. AD 116)
Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Ancient greece, Aristocracy, Birth, Family
Birth of Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes, Greek aristocrat
Tags: Ancient greece, Roman Empire, Aristocracy, Biography, Education, Patronage, Wealth
Publius Juventius Celsus's First Consulship
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Publius Juventius Celsus, Roman consul (d. 130)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Legal History
Birth of Salonia Matidia, Roman Aristocrat
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
July 4 – Salonia Matidia, niece of Trajan (d. AD 119)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Birth, Aristocracy, Trajan, Monarchy, Nobility
Life of Roman Charioteer Flavius Scorpus
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Flavius Scorpus, Roman charioteer (approximate date)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Gladiatorial Games, Circus Maximus, Entertainment, Society, Sports
Birth of Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Roman Consul
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Roman consul (d. AD 140)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Births, 1st Century
Birth of Roman Historian Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, Roman historian (approximate date)
Tags: Roman Empire, History, Ancient rome, Biography, Literature, Writing
Death of Boudica
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Boudica, British queen of the Iceni tribe (approximate date)
Tags: Roman Empire, British History, Iceni, Rebellion, Ancient Warfare, Queen, Celtic, Resistance
Murder of Lucius Pedanius Secundus Sparks Senatorial Fury
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Lucius Pedanius Secundus, Roman politician and prefect
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Law, Crime, Social Unrest, Nero's Reign, Prefect
Death of Roman Senator Publius Memmius Regulus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Publius Memmius Regulus, Roman politician
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Politician, Death, Civil War, Imperial Politics
Claudia Octavia's Death, Wife of Emperor Nero
Year: 69
Category: Politics
June 8 – Claudia Octavia, wife of Nero (possibly executed) (b. AD 40)
Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Execution
Assassination of Roman Consul Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, Roman consul (murdered) (b. AD 22)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Assassination, Civil War, Imperial Crisis
Execution of Gaius Rubellius Plautus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Gaius Rubellius Plautus, cousin of Nero (executed) (b. AD 33)
Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Execution, Monarchy, Ancient rome
Lucius Caecilius Iucundus' Banking Activities During Vesuvius' Eruption
Year: 69
Category: Economy & Trade
Lucius Caecilius Iucundus, Roman banker from Pompeii (b. c. AD 14)
Tags: Ancient rome, Pompeii, Banking, Finance, Economy, Roman Empire, Trade, Business
Death of Sextus Afranius Burrus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Sextus Afranius Burrus, Roman prefect and friend of Seneca (b. AD 1)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Imperial Court, Nero, Seneca the Younger, Death
Death of Claudia Augusta, Daughter of Nero
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Claudia Augusta, daughter of Nero
Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Monarchy, Childhood, Death, Ancient rome, Society, Family
Death of Roman Consul Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus, Roman consul (b. AD 16)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero's Reign, Death
Execution of Praetorian Prefect Faenius Rufus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Faenius Rufus, Roman praetorian prefect (executed)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Civil War, Execution, Vespasian, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Military
Classicianus Appointed Procurator of Britannia
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus, Roman procurator
Tags: Roman Empire, Procurator, Ancient rome
Consulship and Governorship of Lucius Antistius Vetus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Lucius Antistius Vetus, Roman consul and governor
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Governorship, Administration
Execution of Roman Politician Plautius Lateranus
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Plautius Lateranus, Roman politician (executed)
Tags: Roman Empire, Execution, Civil War, Ancient rome, Tyranny
Death of Poppaea Sabina
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Poppea Sabina, second wife of Nero (b. AD 30)
Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Ancient rome, Women in Ancient Rome, Roman Emperors, Death, Society
Death of Seneca the Younger
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Seneca, Roman statesman and tutor of Nero (b. AD 1)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Stoicism, Philosophy, Tyranny
Execution of Claudia Antonia
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Claudia Antonia, daughter of Claudius (b. AD 30)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Execution, Monarchy
Gaius Anicius Cerialis' Consulship
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Gaius Anicius Cerialis, Roman suffect consul
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome
Marcia Servilia Sorana's Life as a Roman Noblewoman
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Marcia Servilia Sorana, Roman noblewoman
Tags: Roman Empire, Nobility, Women's History, Social Class, Ancient rome, Daily Life
Suicide of Roman General Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, Roman general (b. c. AD 7)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, Military History, Civil War, Generals, Political Purges
Death of the Roman Actor Lucius Domitius Paris
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Lucius Domitius Paris, Roman freedman and actor
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Theater, Actors, Freedmen, Entertainment
Roman Emperor Nero's Suicide
Year: 69
Category: Politics
June 9 – Nero, Roman emperor (suicide) (b. AD 37)
Tags: Roman Empire, Nero, Emperor, Suicide, Ancient rome, Political Instability, Crisis of the Roman Empire
Gaius Julius Vindex's Suicide
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Gaius Julius Vindex, Roman governor (suicide)
Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Civil War, Nero's Reign, Political Instability, Suicide
Murder of Roman General Lucius Clodius Macer
Year: 69
Category: Warfare & Military
Lucius Clodius Macer, Roman general (murdered)
Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Civil War, Generals, Military, Rebellion, Political Assassination
Death of Tiberius Julius Mithridates, King of the Bosporan Kingdom
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Tiberius Julius Mithridates, Roman client king
Tags: Roman Empire, Bosporan Kingdom, Ancient rome, Political Intrigue, Black Sea
Galba's Assassination and Piso's Death
Year: 69
Category: Politics
January 15
Cornelius Laco, Roman praetorian prefect (murdered)
Sempronius Densus, Roman bodyguard (killed)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus, Roman deputy emperor (b. AD 38)
Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor (b. 3 BC)
Tags: Roman Empire, Year of Four Emperors, Galba, Ancient rome, Assassination, Civil War, Succession
Emperor Galba's Reign and Assassination
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor (b. 3 BC)
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Assassination, Ancient rome, Galba, Military
Death of Roman Emperor Otho
Year: 69
Category: Politics
April 16 – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman emperor (b. AD 32)
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Otho, Crisis of the Roman Empire, Succession
Roman Consul Titus Flavius Sabinus Murdered
Year: 69
Category: Politics
December 20 – Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul (murdered)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Assassination, Civil War
Cartimandua's Betrayal of Venutius's Rebellion
Year: 69
Category: Politics
Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes (approximate date)
Tags: Ancient rome, Brigantes, Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Rebellion, Political Intrigue, Cartimandua, Venutius, Iron Age
Execution of Locusta, Nero's Poisoner
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Locusta, Roman female poison expert to Nero (executed)
Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Assassination, Nero, Crime, Execution, Women in History
Suicide of Sporus, Nero's Lover
Year: 69
Category: Society & Culture
Sporus, Roman freedman and male lover of Nero (suicide)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nero, LGBTQ+, Suicide, Social History
Vespasian and Titus Become Roman Consuls
Year: 70
Category: Politics
Emperor Vespasian and his son Caesar Vespasian (the future Emperor Titus) become Roman consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Political Office, 70s AD
Bread Shortage in Rome Due to Grain Supply Disruptions
Year: 70
Category: Economy & Trade
Rome faced a bread shortage due to grain supply disruptions caused by delayed shipments from Africa and Egypt.
Tags: Roman Empire, Food Shortage, Trade, Economy, Supply Chain
Frontinus as Praetor & Creation of Legio II Adiutrix
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Sextus Julius Frontinus is praetor of Rome. Legio II Adiutrix is created from marines of Classis Ravennatis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Legion, Military History, Praetor, 70s AD
Pliny the Elder's Procuratorship in Gallia Narbonensis
Year: 70
Category: Politics
Pliny the Elder serves as procurator in Gallia Narbonensis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Administration, Pliny the Elder, Procurator, Ancient rome
Jerusalem's Third Wall Falls, Jewish Forces Retreat
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
7th of Artemisios (7th of Iyar, about May 6) – The Third Wall of Jerusalem collapses and the Jews withdraw from Bezetha to the Second Wall, where the defences are unorganized.
Tags: Roman Empire, Siege of Jerusalem, First Jewish-Roman War, Military Defeat, Fortifications, Second Temple Period, Jewish Revolt
Roman Burning of Cloister After Capture of Antonia Fortress
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
24th of Panemos (about July 20) – Romans set fire to a cloister after the capture of the Fortress of Antonia, north of the Temple Mount. The Romans are drawn into street fighting with the Zealots.
Tags: Roman Empire, First Jewish-Roman War, Siege of Jerusalem, Zealots, Military Conflict, Fortification, Ancient Warfare, Warfare
Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
In August of 70 AD, Roman forces under Titus destroyed the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, ending the First Jewish-Roman War and leading to the relocation of Jewish leadership and the annual fast of Tisha B'Av.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Temple, Warfare, Judaism, Titus, First Jewish-Roman War, Religious Conflict
Roman Siege of Jerusalem
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
August – Titus captures Jerusalem.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish-Roman Wars, Siege, Titus, Military History, Rebellion, Jewish History, Destruction
Roman Sack of Jerusalem
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
8th of Gorpiaios (8th of Elul, about September 2) – Romans gain control of all of Jerusalem and proceed to burn it and kill its remaining residents, except for some who are taken captive to be killed later or enslaved.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish-Roman Wars, Siege, Destruction, Military Conflict, Rebellion, Religious Violence
Roman Foundation of Neapolis (Nablus)
Year: 70
Category: Society & Culture
Neapolis (present-day Nablus) is founded in Iudaea Province.
Tags: Roman Empire, Urban Development, City Planning, Nablus, Ancient Cities, Ancient rome, Classical Antiquity, Construction, Infrastructure
Batavian Naval Clashes on the Rhine and Roman Captives at Trier
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Naval clashes on the Rhine during the Batavian Revolt; the crew of a captured Roman flagship is imprisoned at Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier).
Tags: Roman Empire, Batavian Revolt, Naval Warfare, Military History, Rhineland, Rebellion, Conflict
Batavian Rebellion: Roman Legions Defeated and Suppressed
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Roman legions V Alaudae and XV Primigenia are destroyed by the Batavi. Later, Quintus Petillius Cerialis puts down the Batavian rebellion of Gaius Julius Civilis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Rebellion, Military History, Ancient rome, Warfare
Vespasian Disbands Rhine Legions After Civilis Revolt
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Vespasian disbands four Rhine legions (I Germanica, IV Macedonica, XV Primigenia and XVI Gallica), disgraced for having surrendered or lost their eagles during the revolt of Julius Civilis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military History, Vespasian, Rebellion, Rhine, Military Reform
Domitian Marries Domitia Longina
Year: 70
Category: Society & Culture
Later Roman emperor Domitian marries Domitia Longina.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Marriage, Monarchy, Domitian, Nobility, Society, 70s AD
Roman Expedition Against the Garamantes
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Romans make a punitive expedition against the Garamantes – they are forced to have an official relationship with the Roman Empire.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military Campaign, Imperialism, Conflict, Expansion
Roman Annexation of Samothrace
Year: 70
Category: Politics
Annexation of the island of Samothrace by the Roman Empire under Vespasian.
Tags: Roman Empire, Annexation, Territorial Expansion, Vespasian, Ancient greece, Ancient rome, Political Control
Septimius Flaccus' Expedition to Southern Egypt
Year: 70
Category: Warfare & Military
Expedition by the Roman Septimius Flaccus to southern Egypt. He probably reaches Sudan.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military Expedition, Exploration, Ancient rome
Romans Found Fortress at Eboracum (York)
Year: 71
Category: Warfare & Military
The Romans establish a fortress at York (Eboracum), as a base for their northern forces. Initially established solely for Legio IX Hispana, it expands later to include public housing, baths and temples.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Fort, Legion, Ancient rome
Roman Victory at the Battle of Stanwick
Year: 71
Category: Warfare & Military
Battle of Stanwick: Quintus Petillius Cerialis, governor of Britain, puts down a revolt by the Brigantes.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Brigantes, Rebellion, Military History, Imperialism
Vespasian and Nerva as Roman Consuls
Year: 71
Category: Politics
Emperors Vespasian and Marcus Cocceius Nerva are Roman Consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Nerva, Government
Cerialis Defeats Civilis at Treves, Ending Batavian Revolt
Year: 71
Category: Warfare & Military
Battle of Treves: Cerialis defeats Claudius Civilis, thus quelling the Batavian rebellion.
Tags: Roman Empire, Batavian Revolt, Ancient rome, Rebellion, Military History
Titus' Triumph in Rome Following the Destruction of Jerusalem
Year: 71
Category: Warfare & Military
Titus is awarded with a triumph, accompanied by Vespasian and his brother Titus Flavius Domitian. In the parade are Jewish prisoners and treasures of the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah and the Pentateuch. The leader of the Zealots, Simon Bar Giora, is lashed and strangled in the Forum.
Tags: Roman Empire, Triumph, Jewish-Roman Wars, Siege of Jerusalem, Temple of Jerusalem, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Zealots, Ancient rome
Titus Appointed Praetorian Prefect, Signaling Succession
Year: 71
Category: Politics
Titus is made praetorian prefect of the Praetorian Guard and receives pro-consular command and also tribunician power, all of which indicates that Vespasian will follow the hereditary tradition of succession.
Tags: Roman Empire, Succession, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Principate, Imperial Power, Military
Herodium Fortress Overrun by Roman Forces
Year: 71
Category: Warfare & Military
Herodium, a Jewish fortress south of Jerusalem, is conquered and destroyed by Legio X Fretensis on their way to Masada.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Siege, Military History, Fortress, Ancient Warfare, First Jewish-Roman War
Roman Settlement of Danum (Doncaster)
Year: 71
Category: Society & Culture
Doncaster is founded by Roman settlers. The area was originally known as Danum.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Settlement, Urbanization, Founding, Infrastructure, Society
Rabel II Establishes Bostra as Nabataean Capital
Year: 71
Category: Politics
Reign of Rabel II, king of Nabataea. He makes Bostra, Syria, his second capital.
Tags: Nabataea, Capital City, Ancient greece, Roman Empire, Kingdom
Vespasian Deposes Antiochus IV of Commagene
Year: 72
Category: Politics
Antiochus IV of Syria is deposed by Emperor Vespasian.
Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Deposition, Vespasian, Territorial Expansion
Vespasian and Titus as Roman Consuls
Year: 72
Category: Politics
Vespasian and Titus are Roman Consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Imperial Administration, 70s AD, Roman Government
Siege of Machaerus Ends First Jewish–Roman War
Year: 72
Category: Warfare & Military
First Jewish–Roman War: The Roman army (Legio X Fretensis) under Sextus Lucilius Bassus lays siege to the Jewish garrison of Machaerus at the Dead Sea. After they capitulate, the Zealots are allowed to leave the fortress before it is destroyed.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish History, First Jewish-Roman War, Siege, Military Conflict, Zealots, Roman Legions
Roman Siege of Masada
Year: 72
Category: Warfare & Military
The Romans lay siege to Masada, a desert fortress held by the Sicarii.
Tags: Roman Empire, Siege, Masada, Sicarii, Jewish Revolt, Ancient Warfare, Military History, Fortress
Foundation of Flavia Neapolis
Year: 72
Category: Society & Culture
Flavia Neapolis (Nablus) is founded.
Tags: Roman Empire, City Founding, Urban Development, Ancient rome, Nablus
Construction of the Colosseum Begins
Year: 72
Category: Society & Culture
Vespasian starts the building of the Colosseum; the amphitheatre is used for gladiatorial games and public spectacles, such as sea battles, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas of Classical mythology.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Architecture, Gladiatorial Games, Vespasian, Entertainment
Vespasian and Titus Appointed Roman Censors
Year: 73
Category: Politics
Vespasian and Titus are appointed to be Roman censors.
Tags: Roman Empire, Censorship, Vespasian, Titus, Ancient rome, Government, Imperial Roman Era
Siege of Masada and Zealot Mass Suicide
Year: 73
Category: Warfare & Military
In spring AD 73, Roman forces besieged Masada, the last holdout of Jewish rebels. Facing defeat, the 960 Zealots, led by Eleazar ben Ya'ir, chose mass suicide rather than surrender.
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Masada, Siege, Military History, Zealots, First Jewish-Roman War, Suicide
Pliny the Elder's Procuratorship in Hispania Tarraconensis
Year: 73
Category: Politics
Pliny the Elder serves as procurator in Hispania Tarraconensis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Procurator, Ancient rome, Imperial Politics, Pliny the Elder
Domitian's First Roman Consulship
Year: 73
Category: Politics
Titus Flavius Domitianus becomes Roman Consul.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, 70s AD
Vespasian's Expansion and Frontier Defense Reorganization
Year: 73
Category: Warfare & Military
Emperor Vespasian begins conquest of territory east of the upper Rhine and south of the Main. In addition, he reorganizes the defenses of the upper and lower Danube.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Imperial Expansion, Frontier Defense, Vespasian, Ancient rome, Danube River, Rhine River
Vespasian and Titus Assume Roman Consulship
Year: 74
Category: Politics
Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus
Black Forest Region Reincorporated into Roman Empire
Year: 74
Category: Politics
The Black Forest region is reattached to the Roman Empire.
Tags: Roman Empire, Expansion, Territorial Control, Military, Imperialism, Ancient rome
Vespasian Grants Privileges to Doctors and Teachers
Year: 74
Category: Society & Culture
December 27 – Vespasian grants generous privileges to doctors and teachers.
Tags: Roman Empire, Vespasian, Education, Medicine, Social Welfare
Vespasian Fortifies Armazi, Alans Raid Armenia
Year: 75
Category: Warfare & Military
Vespasian fortifies Armazi (Georgia) for the Iberian king Mithridates I. The Alans raid the Roman frontier in Armenia.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Frontier Defense, Ancient Warfare, Vespasian
Frontinus Appointed Governor of Britannia
Year: 75
Category: Politics
Sextus Julius Frontinus becomes governor of Britannia and makes his headquarters in Isca Augusta (Wales).
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Roman Governance, Governors, Military, Political Administration, Imperial Expansion
Roman Conquest of Wales Begins
Year: 75
Category: Warfare & Military
Frontinus begins his conquest of Wales; Legio II Augusta is moved to the border of the River Usk.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military Campaign, Legion, Frontinus, Ancient rome, Conquest, Military History
Frontinus Subdues Welsh Tribes and Establishes Forts
Year: 76
Category: Warfare & Military
Governor Sextus Julius Frontinus subdues the Silures and other hostile tribes of Wales, establishing a fortress at Caerleon or Isca Augusta for Legio II Augusta, and makes a network of smaller forts for his auxiliary forces.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military Campaign, Conquest, Fortification, Frontinus, Ancient rome
Agricola's Governorship: Expansion of Roman Influence in Britannia
Year: 77
Category: Warfare & Military
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is named governor of Britannia, a post he occupies until AD 84. He extends the Roman influence to the mouth of the River Clyde (Scotland), and builds fortifications.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Agricola, Military Campaign, Expansionism, Conquest
Agricola's Campaign Against the Ordovices and Anglesey
Year: 77
Category: Warfare & Military
Agricola subdues the Ordovices in Wales, and pursues the remnants of the tribe to Anglesey, the holy island of the Druids.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military Campaign, Anglesey, Druids, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Iron Age
Caledonian Confederacy Forms Under Calgacus
Year: 77
Category: Warfare & Military
The Caledonian tribes in Scotland form a confederacy of 30,000 warriors, under the leadership of Calgacus.
Tags: Roman Empire, Caledonians, Military, Tribal Warfare
Agricola Conquers Anglesey and Disperses Army
Year: 77
Category: Warfare & Military
Winter – Agricola conquers Anglesey, and disperses his army to their winter quarters.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military Campaign, Anglesey, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Conquest, 70s AD, Warfare, Military Strategy
Romans Develop Basic Distillation Techniques
Year: 77
Category: Technology
The Romans develop a simple method of distillation.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Chemistry, Roman Civilization
Roman Conquest of the Ordovices and Silures
Year: 78
Category: Warfare & Military
The Romans conquer the Ordovices, located in present-day northern Wales, as well as the Silures.
Tags: Roman Empire, Conquest, Military History, Ancient rome, Silures, Imperialism
Agricola's Governorship of Britain and Expansionist Campaigns
Year: 78
Category: Warfare & Military
Gnaeus Julius Agricola replaces Sextus Julius Frontinus as governor of Roman Britain, which leads to the conquering of portions of Wales and northern England.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military History, Conquest, Expansionism, Agricola, Military Campaign
Kushan Delegation to Rome Seeking Alliance Against Parthians
Year: 78
Category: Politics
Emperor Kadphises of the Kushan Empire sends a delegation to Rome, to seek support against the Parthians.
Tags: Kushan Empire, Roman Empire, Parthian Empire, Diplomacy, Alliance, Geopolitics, Trade Routes, Political Intrigue, Military Strategy
Vespasian's Death and Titus' Succession as Roman Emperor
Year: 79
Category: Politics
June 23 – Emperor Vespasian dies of fever from diarrhea; his last words on his deathbed are: "I think I'm turning into a god." Titus succeeds his father as Roman emperor. Titus' Jewish mistress, Berenice, comes to join him in Rome, but he exiles her to please the Senate.
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Ancient rome, Titus, Vespasian, Jewish History
Roman Military Campaigns and Fortifications in Britain
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
During the Roman conquest of Britain, Gnaeus Julius Agricola established several forts, including Deva Victrix (Chester) and Mamucium (Manchester), while also campaigning in Caledonia (Scotland) with limited success.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military History, Fortifications, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Chester, Expansionism
Founding of Mamucium (Manchester)
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
Mamucium (the first Manchester) is founded as a frontier fort and settlement in the North West of England, a distance to the north of Chester.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Chester, Early Roman Period, Infrastructure
Roman Invasion of Caledonia Begins
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
Agricola enters Caledonia (modern-day Scotland) but is resisted by the natives.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Invasion, Ancient rome, Agricola, Iron Age, Military Conflict
Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus's Political Career Begins
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus, Roman politician (d. AD 117)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Senator, Roman Aristocracy, Political Career
Julia Balbilla's Epigrams
Year: 79
Category: Society & Culture
Julia Balbilla, princess of Commagene
Tags: Roman Empire, Poetry, Ancient greece, Cultural Exchange, Travel, Literature, Ancient rome
Death of Titus Flavius Hyrcanus, Roman Aristocrat
Year: 79
Category: Society & Culture
Titus Flavius Hyrcanus, Roman aristocrat
Tags: Roman Empire, Aristocracy, Death, Ancient rome, Nobility
Birth of Roman Emperor Hadrian
Year: 79
Category: Politics
January 24 – Hadrian, Roman emperor (d. 138)
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Ancient rome, Birth, Hadrian, Imperial History
Death of Eleazar ben Simon, Zealot Leader
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
Eleazar ben Simon, Jewish leader of the Zealots
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Zealots, First Jewish-Roman War, Rebellion, Religious Conflict, Resistance
Roman General Gaius Dillius Vocula Murdered
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
Gaius Dillius Vocula, Roman general (murdered)
Tags: Roman Empire, Military, Generals, Assassination, Ancient rome, Civil War
Lucius Calpurnius Piso's Consulship and Governorship
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul and governor
Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Governance
Reign of Malichus II in Nabataea
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Malichus II, Roman client king of Nabatea
Tags: Nabataea, Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Trade, Ancient greece, Arabia
Execution of Jewish Rebel Simon bar Giora
Year: 79
Category: Warfare & Military
Simon bar Giora, Jewish leader (executed)
Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, Siege of Jerusalem, First Jewish-Roman War, Zealots, Rebellion, Execution, Military History, 70s AD
Death of Caenis, Mistress of Vespasian
Year: 79
Category: Society & Culture
Caenis, Roman slave and secretary of Antonia Minor (mother of Emperor Claudius) and mistress of Emperor Vespasian
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Slavery
Polemon II's Reign as Prince of the Bosporan Kingdom Begins
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Polemon II, prince of the Bosporan Kingdom, Pontus, Cilicia and Cappadocia
Tags: Bosporan Kingdom, Roman Empire, Monarchy, Ruler, Succession, Kingdom
Death of Roman Governor Marcus Vettius Bolanus
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Marcus Vettius Bolanus, Roman politician and governor (b. 33 AD)
Tags: Roman Empire, Governors, Ancient rome
Execution of Roman General Aulus Caecina Alienus
Year: 79
Category: Politics
Aulus Caecina Alienus, Roman general and politician (executed)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Execution, Military, Political Intrigue
Domitian Becomes Roman Emperor, Solidifying Monarchy
Year: 81
Category: Politics
Domitian became emperor on September 14, solidifying the monarchy and shocking the aristocracy by taking the title "Dominus." His reign saw increased Romanization in the provinces and the rise of provincial senators.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Monarchy, Ancient rome, Romanization, Provinces, Imperialism
Construction of the Arch of Titus
Year: 81
Category: Art
The Arch of Titus is constructed.
Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Architecture, Triumph, Victory, Art, Imperialism, Monument, Titus
Denarius Silver Content Increased by Domitian
Year: 81
Category: Economy & Trade
The silver content of the Roman denarius rises to 92% under emperor Domitian, up from 81% in the reign of Vitellius.
Tags: Roman Empire, Currency, Coinage, Domitian, Economy, Monetary Policy, Ancient rome
Domitian's Consulship
Year: 82
Category: Politics
Emperor Domitian becomes Roman Consul.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Government
Agricola's Campaign: Caledonian Uprising & Roman Victory
Year: 82
Category: Warfare & Military
Gnaeus Julius Agricola raises a fleet, and encircles the Celtic tribes beyond the Forth; the Caledonians rise in great numbers against the Romans. They attack the camp of Legio IX Hispana at night, but Agricola sends his cavalry in, and puts them to flight.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Caledonians, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Military Campaign, Battle, Legion, Military Tactics
Calgacus Unites Picts and Forms Caledonian Confederacy
Year: 82
Category: Warfare & Military
Calgacus unites the Picts (30,000 men) in Scotland, and is made chieftain of the Caledonian Confederacy.
Tags: Roman Empire, Caledonians, Military, Ancient rome
Dio Chrysostom Banished for Political Affiliations
Year: 82
Category: Politics
Dio Chrysostom is banished from Rome, Italy, and Bithynia, after advising one of the Emperor's conspiring relatives.
Tags: Roman Empire, Exile, Imperial Court, Rhetoric
Domitian Forms Legio I Minervia
Year: 82
Category: Warfare & Military
Domitian levies Legio I Minervia.
Tags: Roman Empire, Legion, Military, Domitian, Ancient rome, Frontier Defense, Military History
Possible Date of the Battle of Mons Graupius
Year: 83
Category: Warfare & Military
Possible date of the Battle of Mons Graupius (AD 83 or 84): According to Tacitus, 10,000 Britons and 360 Romans are killed.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military History, Battle, Ancient Warfare, Tacitus, Britons, Military Campaign
Domitian's Victory Over the Chatti and Rhine Fortifications
Year: 83
Category: Warfare & Military
Emperor Domitian fights the Chatti, a Germanic tribe. His victory allows the construction of fortifications (Limes) along the Rhine-frontier.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Limes, Domitian, Ancient Warfare, Fortification
Construction of Roman Fort Inchtuthil
Year: 83
Category: Warfare & Military
The Roman fort Inchtuthil is built in Scotland.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military, Fortification, Ancient rome, Military History, Construction, Legion
Domitian's Consulship (Second Time)
Year: 83
Category: Politics
Domitian is, again, also a Roman Consul.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Roman Government, Governance
Roman Law Prohibits Castration of Slaves
Year: 83
Category: Society & Culture
In Rome, the castration of slaves is prohibited.
Tags: Roman Empire, Slavery, Law, Social Reform, Human Rights, Legislation, Ancient rome
Battle of Mons Graupius: Agricola Defeats Caledonians
Year: 84
Category: Warfare & Military
Possible date of the Battle of Mons Graupius (AD 83 or 84), in which Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeats the Caledonians.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Military History, Battle, Caledonians, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Expansionism
Domitian Recalls Agricola and Offers Governorship
Year: 84
Category: Politics
Emperor Domitian recalls Agricola back to Rome, where he is rewarded with a triumph and the governorship of the Roman province of Africa, but he declines it.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Agricola, Governorship, Military, Triumph, Imperial Power
Pliny the Younger Appointed Cavalry Commander
Year: 84
Category: Warfare & Military
Pliny the Younger is sevir equitum Romanorum (commander of a cavalry squadron).
Tags: Roman Empire, Military, Ancient rome, Cavalry, Pliny the Younger
Construction of the Limes Fortification Begins
Year: 84
Category: Warfare & Military
The construction of the limes, a line of Roman fortifications from the Rhine to the Danube, has begun.
Tags: Roman Empire, Fortifications, Military Engineering, Border Defense, Infrastructure, Ancient rome, Limes, Military
Domitian Consolidates Power Through Consulship and Censorship
Year: 84
Category: Politics
Through his election as consul for ten years and censor for life, Domitian openly subordinates the republican aspect of the state to the monarchical.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Ancient rome, Monarchy, Republicanism
Domitian Raises Troop Pay
Year: 84
Category: Warfare & Military
Domitian increases the troops' pay by one third, thus securing their loyalty.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Military, Army, Loyalty, Ancient rome, Military History
Domitian Defeats Dacian Invasion of Moesia
Year: 85
Category: Warfare & Military
Emperor Domitian repulses a Dacian invasion of Moesia.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Moesia, Invasion, Military History, Ancient rome, Border Conflicts, Wars and Conflicts
Dacian Wars Against Rome Begin
Year: 85
Category: Warfare & Military
Dacians under Decebalus engage in two wars against the Romans from this year to AD 88 or 89.
Tags: Roman Empire, Decebalus, Roman-Dacian Wars, Military Conflict, Warfare, Territorial Expansion
Domitian Appoints Himself Censor for Life, Increasing Control
Year: 85
Category: Politics
Domitian appoints himself censor for life, which gives him the right to control the Senate. His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocracy firmly in opposition to him.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Censorship, Dictatorship, Ancient rome, Tyranny, Political Power, Imperial Rule
Domitian Establishes the Capitoline Games
Year: 86
Category: Society & Culture
Emperor Domitian introduces the Capitoline Games.
Tags: Roman Empire, Games, Festivals, Entertainment, Emperor Domitian, Sports, Ancient rome
Trajan's Campaign Against Germanic Tribes Begins
Year: 86
Category: Warfare & Military
Roman general (and future emperor) Trajan begins a campaign to crush an uprising in Germania.
Tags: Roman Empire, Trajan, Military Campaign, Ancient rome, Expansionism
Roman Germania Divided into Two Provinces
Year: 86
Category: Politics
Germania is divided into two provinces, Germania Inferior and Germania Superior (approximate date).
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Administrative Divisions, Imperial Expansion, Territorial Control
Roman Defeat at the First Battle of Tapae
Year: 86
Category: Warfare & Military
First Battle of Tapae: Roman legions face disaster in Dacia, when Roman general Cornelius Fuscus launches a powerful offensive that becomes a failure. Encircled in the valley of Timi, he dies along with his entire army. Rome must pay tribute to the Dacians in exchange for a vague recognition of Rome's importance.
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Battle, Ancient Warfare, Tribute, Military Failure
Roman Exploration of Western Africa
Year: 87
Category: Politics
The Roman Julius Maternus explores western Africa (approximate date).
Tags: Roman Empire, Exploration, Trade, Geography
Lyon Population Exceeds 100,000
Year: 87
Category: Society & Culture
Lyon, a city in Gaul, has a population of over 100,000 citizens (approximate date).
Tags: Roman Empire, Urbanization, Demographics, Population Growth, Society
Decebalus Ascends to the Dacian Throne
Year: 87
Category: Politics
Decebalus becomes king of Dacia.
Tags: Decebalus, Monarchy, Roman Empire, Roman-Dacian Wars
Egyptian Obelisks Erected in Benevento
Year: 88
Category: Art
Two Egyptian obelisks are erected in Benevento in front of the Temple of Isis, in honour of Emperor Domitian.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Architecture, Art, Religion, Imperial Cult, Domitian
Dacian War Ends: Decebalus Becomes a Client King
Year: 88
Category: Warfare & Military
The First Dacian War ends: Decebalus becomes a client king of Rome, he receives money, craftsmen and war machines to protect the borders (limes) of the Roman Empire.
Tags: Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Warfare, Military Alliance, Border Defense, Ancient rome, Decebalus, Roman-Dacian Wars, Limes
Saturninus's Revolt Against Domitian Suppressed
Year: 89
Category: Warfare & Military
January 1 – Lucius Antonius Saturninus incites a revolt against Emperor Domitian (it is suppressed by January 24).
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Rebellion, Ancient rome, Military History
Legio XIII Gemina Transfers to Dacia
Year: 89
Category: Warfare & Military
Legio XIII Gemina is transferred to Dacia, to help in the war against King Decebalus.
Tags: Roman Empire, Legion, Roman-Dacian Wars, Military History, Emperor Domitian, Ancient Warfare, Conflict
Founding of Roman Aquincum (Óbuda)
Year: 89
Category: Society & Culture
Aquincum (old Budapest, Óbuda) is founded (approximate date).
Tags: Roman Empire, City Founding, Urbanization, Ancient rome, Archaeology
Assassination Plot Against Emperor Domitian
Year: 89
Category: Politics
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Roman Emperor (AD 79–81)
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Assassination, Conspiracy, Ancient rome, Military
Birth of Vibia Sabina, Future Roman Empress
Year: 89
Category: Society & Culture
Vibia Sabina, Roman empress (d. c. 136)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Empress, Birth, Family, Society
Birth of Vibia Matidia the Younger
Year: 89
Category: Society & Culture
Vibia Matidia (the Younger), Roman noblewoman (approximate date)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Nobility, Women in History, Birth, Family, Imperial Era
Birth of Roman Politician Lucius Vipstanus Messalla
Year: 89
Category: Politics
Lucius Vipstanus Messalla, Roman politician
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Birth
Death of Roman Emperor Titus
Year: 89
Category: Politics
September 13 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. AD 39)
Tags: Roman Empire, Roman Emperors, Ancient rome, Death, Titus, Succession
Marcus Pompeius Silvanus' Political Career
Year: 89
Category: Politics
Marcus Pompeius Silvanus, Roman politician
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Career, Roman Officials
Pomponia Graecina Accused of Superstition
Year: 89
Category: Society & Culture
Pomponia Graecina, Roman noblewoman
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Social Justice, Religion, Accusation, Nero, Society
Consul Titus Flavius Sabinus Marries Julia Flavia (Executed)
Year: 89
Category: Society & Culture
Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul married Julia Flavia (executed)
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Marriage, Family
Titus Atilius Rufus' Governorship
Year: 89
Category: Politics
Titus Atilius Rufus, Roman politician and governor
Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Governors, Provincial Administration
Death of Roman General Cornelius Fuscus
Year: 89
Category: Warfare & Military
June 9 – Cornelius Fuscus, Roman general and praetorian prefect
Tags: Roman Empire, Military History, Roman Generals, Wars and Conflicts, Ancient rome
Young Flavian Woman Sculpture Created
Year: 90
Category: Art
The Young Flavian Woman is made. It is now kept at Musei Capitolini, Rome (approximate date).
Tags: Roman Empire, Sculpture, Ancient rome, Roman Art
Manius Acilius Glabrio and Marcus Ulpius Traianus Elected Roman Consuls
Year: 91
Category: Politics
Manius Acilius Glabrio and Marcus Ulpius Traianus become Roman Consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Political Office, Government
Pliny the Younger Becomes Tribune of the Plebs
Year: 91
Category: Politics
Pliny the Younger is named a tribunus plebis.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Pliny the Younger, Government
Domitian's Seventh Roman Consulship
Year: 92
Category: Politics
Emperor Domitian becomes a Roman Consul.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Emperor, Imperial Rule, Government
Tribal Invasions and Roman Counteroffensive in Pannonia
Year: 92
Category: Warfare & Military
In spring, several tribes (probably Marcomanni, Quadi, Jazyges) cross the Danube and attack Pannonia, probably destroying Legio XXI Rapax. These tribes are defeated from May to December 92, and chased back over the river. The Romans do not pursue the retreating tribes.
Tags: Roman Empire, Barbarian Invasions, Marcomanni, Quadi, Military History, Ancient rome
Roman Army Enters Mesopotamia
Year: 92
Category: Warfare & Military
The Roman army moves into Mesopotamia (modern Syria).
Tags: Roman Empire, Military Campaign, Expansionism, Imperialism, Ancient rome, Military
Flavian Palace Completion
Year: 92
Category: Art
The Flavian Palace is completed on the Palatine.
Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Architecture, Roman Art
Pliny the Younger Appointed Praetor
Year: 93
Category: Politics
Pliny the Younger is named a praetor.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Praetor, Pliny the Younger, Government
Domitian Rededicates the Rebuilt Curia Julia
Year: 94
Category: Politics
Emperor Domitian rebuilds and rededicates the Curia Julia (meeting place of the Roman Senate), which had burned down in AD 64.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Architecture, Political History
Domitian and Flavius Clemens Serve as Roman Consuls
Year: 95
Category: Politics
Emperor Domitian and Titus Flavius Clemens become Roman Consuls.
Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Domitian, Roman Government
Domitian's Senatorial Purge
Year: 95
Category: Politics
Domitian executes senators out of paranoiac fears that they are plotting to kill him.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Emperor, Tyranny, Political Purge, Ancient rome, Imperial Power, Persecution
Consul Manius Acilius Glabrio Fights Lion in Colosseum, Exiled and Executed
Year: 95
Category: Society & Culture
The Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio is ordered by Domitian to descend into the arena of the Colosseum to fight a lion. After he kills the animal, Domitian banishes and puts him to death.
Tags: Roman Empire, Domitian, Ancient rome, Tyranny, Public Spectacle, Imperial Power, Political Intrigue
Emperor Domitian Assassinated, Flavian Dynasty Ends
Year: 96
Category: Politics
September 18 – Emperor Domitian is stabbed to death by a freedman at the age 44 after a 15-year reign, in a palace conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard. The Flavian Dynasty ends.
Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Assassination, Political Intrigue, Ancient rome, Succession
Trajan Appointed Governor of Upper Germany
Year: 96
Category: Politics
Marcus Ulpius Traianus becomes governor of Upper Germany.
Tags: Roman Empire, Governorship, Military, Administrative Divisions, Ancient rome, Trajan
Arch of Titus Completed in Rome
Year: 96
Category: Art
The Arch of Titus is completed in Rome.
Tags: Roman Empire, Architecture, Triumphal Arch, Ancient rome, Art, Titus, Victory
