Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar. However, most scholars think that Dionysius...

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, Biblical History

The Temple of Castor and Pollux is rededicated in Rome by Tiberius after being destroyed by fire in 14 BC.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Religion, Tiberius, Architecture, Imperial Cult

Construction of the Temple of Concord begins.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Temple, Religion, Architecture, Construction, Augustus

August 19 – Augustus, the first Roman emperor, dies and is declared to be a god.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Emperor, Religion, Imperial Cult, Ancient rome, Death, Hellenistic World

Pope Linus, Pope in Catholic church (d. AD 76)

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Religious Leaders, Early Church Fathers, Religious History

Jesus Christ, founding figure of Christianity, (ca. 4 BC–ca. AD 33)

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Movements, Judaism, Paul the Apostle

Saint Peter, Apostle and first Bishop of Rome (c.30-c.64)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Missionary Work, Religious History

Jesus of Nazareth (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Early Church, Roman Empire, Religious Missions, Paul the Apostle, Hellenistic World

Paul of Tarsus begins his missionary travels, according to one traditional dating scheme.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Missionary Work, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Religious Expansion

Claudius revives the censorship and ludi saeculares, and organises the order of the Haruspices, with 60 members.

Tags: Roman Empire, Claudius, Religion, Censorship, Ancient rome

Christianity spreads into Europe, especially at Rome and at Philippi (probable date according to chronology derived from the Acts of the Apostles).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Roman Empire, Apostles, Missionary Work, Religious Conversion, Paul the Apostle, Acts of the Apostles

Sixtus I, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 124)

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Early Church Fathers

The Epistle to the Romans is written (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Early Church, Theology, Roman Empire, Biblical Literature, Religious Doctrine, Epistles

The apostle Paul returns to Jerusalem with the money he has collected to give the Christian community there. However, he is accused of defiling the te...

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Legal System, Christian Missions

The First Epistle of Peter, if by Peter, is probably written between this year and c. AD 64.

Tags: Christianity, Epistles, Peter the Apostle, Biblical Studies, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology

Paul of Tarsus journeys to Rome, but is shipwrecked on Malta. He stays for three months and converts Publius, the first bishop of Malta.

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Malta, Roman Empire, Missionary, Religious Conversion, Shipwreck, Apostles

Paul's Epistle to the Philippians is written from Rome. (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Religious Texts, Epistles, Roman Empire, Biblical Studies

Paul of Tarsus is released from imprisonment in Rome (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Christian Missions, Religious Expansion

Persecution of Christians in Rome begins under Nero. Peter the Apostle is possibly among those crucified.

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Persecution, Nero, Religious Conflict, Martyrdom, Peter the Apostle, Religious History, Ancient rome

First Epistle of Peter written from Babylon according to traditional Christian belief.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Epistles, Peter the Apostle, Roman Empire, Theology

Paul in Asia Minor for second time after his release from Rome. Then probably goes to Greece. Second imprisonment in Rome.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Missionary Work, Religious Violence, Evangelism

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Peter

Linus succeeds Peter, as the second Bishop of Rome.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Bishop, Apostolic Succession, Religious Leadership, 1st Century

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (latest possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Persecution, Peter, Religious History

Barnabas, Cypriot Jew and bishop of Milan (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Religious Figures, Bishops, Roman Empire, Judaism, Apostles

Paul the Apostle (earliest date) (b. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Missionary Work, Religious Texts

Paul the Apostle, Christian martyr (b. c. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Martyrdom

Basilissa and Anastasia, Christian martyrs (beheaded)

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Martyrdom, Persecution, Saints, Religious History, Ancient rome

March 18 – Hyginus, bishop of Rome

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Catholicism, Religious History, Ancient rome

Linus, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Roman Empire, Religious History, Apostolic Succession

Pliny the Younger is flamen Divi Augusti (priest in the cult of the Emperor).

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Religion, Cult, Priesthood, Pliny the Younger, Imperial Cult

Possible date of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology, Religious History, Early Church

Pope Clement I succeeds Pope Anacletus I as the fourth pope.

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Apostolic Succession

Two Egyptian obelisks are erected in Benevento in front of the Temple of Isis, in honour of Emperor Domitian.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Architecture, Art, Religion, Imperial Cult, Domitian

Emperor Domitian persecutes the Christians.

Tags: Ancient rome, Christianity, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Emperor Domitian, Early Church, Martyrdom, Religious Conflict

Possible date for the writing of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Early Church, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Religious History

Evaristus succeeds Pope Clement I as the fifth pope (according to Catholic tradition; none of the popes until the mid second century is certain).

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Ancient rome, Religious History, Apostolic Succession

November 23 – Pope Evaristus succeeds Pope Clement I as the fifth pope according to Roman Catholic tradition.

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Religious Leadership, Roman Empire, Vatican City, Succession

Pope Anicetus

Tags: Christianity, Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Bishops, Church History

Approximate date – Clement of Rome, pope of the Catholic Church

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Religious History, 1st Century

Marcion, rejected by Church of Rome, founds Marcionism.

Tags: Christianity, Heresy, Religious Schism, Theology, Religious Movements, Church History

Valerian's massacre of Christians.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Persecution, Religious Conflict, Martyrdom, Early Church, Imperial Decree

337: Constantine the Great, ends persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire (see also Constantinian shift) and Constantinople becomes new seat of g...

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Constantine the Great, Religious Tolerance, Byzantine Empire, Political Transformation

Constantine the Great is baptized a Christian on his death bed.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Empire, Constantine the Great, Early Church, Religious Conversion, Imperialism, Death, Baptism

395: Theodosius I, Roman emperor, bans pagan worship, Christianity is made the official religion of the Empire.

Tags: Roman Empire, Christianity, Paganism, Religious Law, Emperor, Religious Violence, Imperial Decree

Pope Leo I meets in person with Attila on the Mincio River and convinces him not to ransack Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Catholicism, Barbarian Invasions, Diplomacy, Western Christianity, Military History

Having settled in Rome c. 500, Scythian monk Dionysius Exiguus invents the Anno Domini era calendar based on the estimated birth year of Jesus Christ.

Tags: Calendar, Christianity, Chronology, Timekeeping, Religious History, Monasticism

Saint Benedict of Nursia founds the monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy.

Tags: Christianity, Monasticism, Religious Orders, Roman Catholic Church

Gregory the Great succeeds Pope Pelagius II (who dies of plague) as the 64th pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Church History, Christianity, Byzantine Empire

Pope Gregory sends Roman monks led by Augustine to England.

Tags: Christianity, Roman Catholic Church, Anglo-Saxons, Conversion, Missionary, Religious Expansion

Pope Boniface III elected to the papacy on the death of Pope Sabinian. He sought and obtained a decree from Byzantine Emperor Phocas which stated tha...

Tags: Catholicism, Religious Authority, Byzantine Empire, Church and State

On Christmas Day, Charlemagne is crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Charlemagne, Catholicism, Carolingian Dynasty, Emperor, Church and State

the Great Schism, in which the Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern Orthodox churches separated from each other. Similar schisms in the past had been ...

Tags: Christianity, Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church, Schism, Religious History, Byzantine Empire, Catholicism, Church History, Theology

the Walk to Canossa by Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Investiture Controversy, Catholicism, Henry IV, Excommunication, Middle Ages, Political Power, Religious Authority

Pope Urban II makes an appearance at the Siege of Capua

Tags: Catholicism, Middle Ages, Siege, Military History, Religious Authority, Campania

On April 14, during Henry V's first expedition to Rome, he is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Henry V, Middle Ages, Catholicism, Emperor, Coronation, Imperialism

On September 23, the Concordat of Worms (Pactum Calixtinum) is drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II bringing an end to the first phas...

Tags: Middle Ages, Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Investiture Controversy, Church and State, Henry V, Treaty, Diplomacy

On Christmas Day, Roger II is crowned King of Sicily, the royal title being bestowed on him by Antipope Anacletus II.

Tags: Monarchy, Kingdom of Sicily, Norman Conquest, Middle Ages, Catholicism, Coronation

1138: Papal schism, Pope Innocent II vs. Antipope Anacletus II.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Middle Ages, Religious Conflict, Church History

On July 5, in the Treaty of Mignano, Pope Innocent II confirms Roger II as King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and Prince of Capua and invests him with hi...

Tags: Catholicism, Kingdom of Sicily, Holy Roman Empire, Medieval Italy, Treaty, Diplomacy, Feudalism

in April, the Second Lateran Council ends the papal schism.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Council, Middle Ages, Church Reform, Christianity, Religious Authority

The First Treaty of Constance is signed between Emperor Frederick I and Pope Eugene III, by the terms of which, the emperor is to prevent any action b...

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Frederick I, Medieval Politics, Treaty, Byzantine Empire, Diplomacy

In 1156, Pope Adrian IV and William I of Norman Sicily signed the Treaty of Benevento, officially recognizing William's rule over Sicily, Apulia, Cala...

Tags: Treaty, Catholicism, Political Agreement, Medieval Italy, Feudalism

The Roman Catholic notion of Purgatory is defined.

Tags: Catholicism, Christianity, Religious Doctrine, Middle Ages, Theology

The Treaty or Peace of Venice is signed by the papacy and its allies, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily also participa...

Tags: Middle Ages, Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Frederick I, Treaty, Diplomacy, Church and State, Medieval Italy

On January 25, the final Peace of Constance between Frederick Barbarossa, the pope and the Lombard towns is signed, confirming the Peace of Venice of ...

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Catholicism, Frederick Barbarossa, Lombard League, Treaties, Diplomacy, Ancient greece

In April, Isabella I begins her reign as Christian Queen of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Monarchy, Middle Ages, Succession, Holy Land, Christianity

Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan Order.

Tags: Religious Orders, Catholicism, Middle Ages, Monasticism, Christianity, Religious Reform, Poverty

Frederick of Sicily is crowned King of the Romans at Mainz.

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Imperial Politics, Frederick II, Catholicism, Succession, Political Intrigue

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Rome

Tags: Holy Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Emperor, Catholicism, Frederick II, Monarchy

1230: First clash between Gregory IX and Emperor Frederick II.

Tags: Catholicism, Holy Roman Empire, Frederick II, Medieval Politics, Church and State, Conflict, Guelphs and Ghibellines

1377: The Avignon papacy transfers the seat of the Popes from Italy to France.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Middle Ages, Western Christianity, Political Intrigue, Religious Authority

The Great Schism of the West splits the Catholic Church, eventually leading to three simultaneous popes and not resolved until 1417.

Tags: Catholicism, Schism, Religion

Michelangelo's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica is made in Rome

Tags: Renaissance, High Renaissance, Sculpture, Italian Renaissance, Michelangelo, Catholicism, Art History, Religious Art, Vatican

The Council of Trent meets for the first time in Trent (in northern Italy).

Tags: Catholicism, Counter-Reformation, Council, Religious History, Christianity, Religious Doctrine, Church Reform

Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. Peter's Basilica.

Tags: Renaissance, Architecture, Michelangelo, Italian Renaissance, Art History, Catholicism, Religious Art

Pomponio Algerio, radical theologian, is executed by boiling in oil as part of the Roman Inquisition.

Tags: Inquisition, Religious Violence, Theology, Christianity, Counter-Reformation, Martyrdom, Radicalism

Gregorian calendar is introduced in Europe by Pope Gregory XIII and adopted by Catholic countries.

Tags: Calendar, Astronomy, Catholicism, Timekeeping, Christianity, Religious Authority, Renaissance

Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake for heresy in Rome.Siege of Fiľakovo castle during the Long Turkish War

Tags: Catholicism, Military, Religious Violence, Heresy, Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Inquisition, Martyrdom

On February 17 Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake by the Inquisition.

Tags: Renaissance, Inquisition, Heresy, Religious Violence, Martyrdom, Catholicism, Astronomy, Philosophy

Maffeo Barberini is elected Pope Urban VIII at the Papal conclave of 1623.

Tags: Catholicism, Religious History, Counter-Reformation, Italian Renaissance

St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican completed.

Tags: Catholicism, Renaissance, Baroque, Vatican City, Architecture, Religious Buildings, Counter-Reformation, Art

Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.

Tags: Scientific Revolution, Catholicism, Inquisition, Heliocentrism, Astronomy, Trial, Galileo Galilei, Religious Violence

Giovanni Battista Pamphili is elected Pope Innocent X at the Papal conclave of 1644.

Tags: Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Counter-Reformation

Pope Pius VII excommunicates Napoleon and is later imprisoned at Savon.

Tags: Catholicism, Napoleon Bonaparte, Excommunication, French Empire, Napoleonic Wars, Religious Conflict

1846–1878: Ultraconservative Pope Pius IX battles modernity

Tags: Catholicism, Modernity, Conservatism, Religious History, Counter-Reformation, Secularism, Italian Unification

August 4: Pius X becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Modernism, Conservatism, Vatican

September 3: Benedict XV becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Religion, World War I, Diplomacy, Vatican

February 6: Pius XI becomes Pope. The Washington Naval Treaty is signed.

Tags: Treaty, Catholicism, World War I Aftermath, Diplomacy, International Relations

Pius XI becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Vatican, Religious Institutions

February 11: Pope Pius XI signs the Lateran Treaty with Italian leader Benito Mussolini, after which the Vatican City is recognised as a sovereign sta...

Tags: Treaty, Catholicism, Fascism, Sovereignty, Vatican City, Benito Mussolini, Interwar Period, Diplomacy

March 2: Pius XII becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Vatican City, Religious Leadership, World War II, Religious History

October 28: John XXIII becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Vatican, Religious Leadership, Ecumenism

October 11: The Second Vatican Council is opened by Pope John XXIII.

Tags: Catholicism, Vatican, Church Reform, Ecumenism, Modernization, Religious Doctrine, Christianity

June 21: Paul VI becomes Pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Vatican, Religious Leadership, Christianity, Religion

August 26: John Paul I becomes pope.

Tags: Catholicism, Pope, Vatican, Religious Leadership

September 28: John Paul I dies, his papacy being one of the shortest in history.

Tags: Catholicism, Vatican, Religion, Death, Leadership