c. 1150 BC: end of Egyptian rule in Canaan, with Ramesses VI the last Pharaoh acknowledged.

Tags: Pharaoh, Political Transition, Empire, Decline, International Relations

c. 1040 BC: David, King of Israel, is born.

Tags: Hebrew Bible, Monarchy, Judaism, Religion, David, Biblical Figures

Saul becomes the first king of the Israelites, according to the Books of Samuel.

Tags: Monarchy, Theocracy, Biblical History

c. 1010 BC: David succeeds Ish-bosheth.

Tags: Monarchy, Kingdom of Israel, David, Biblical History, Succession, Hebrew Bible, Judah

David, king of the United Monarchy, dies.

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Monarchy, Succession, Hebrew Bible, David, Judaism

Solomon becomes king of Israel, following the death of his father, King David. (traditional date)

Tags: Monarchy, Hebrew Bible, Religious History, Solomon

Solomon completes the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem.

Tags: Solomon, Jewish History, Temple, Religious Architecture, Monotheism

Solomon, king of the ancient Israelites, dies.

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Solomon, Biblical History, Hebrew Bible, Jewish History, Monarchy, Succession, Religious Leadership, Bronze Age

c. 925 BC: Partition of ancient Israel into the Kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

Tags: Monarchy, Judah, Political Division, Biblical History, Dynastic Conflict

Abijah, king of Judah, dies.

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Biblical History, Hebrew Bible

Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel, dies and is succeeded by his son Nadab.

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Monarchy, Succession, Hebrew Bible

Ahab becomes king of Kingdom of Israel (approximate date).

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Monarchy, Biblical History, Succession, Iron Age

Ahaziah of Judah and Jehoram of Israel are assassinated, either by the Israelite usurper Jehu, or the newly crowned Hazael of Aram-Damascus, per the T...

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Kingdom of Judah, Assassination, Monarchy, Political Instability, Usurpation

Jehoahaz II, king of Judah, b. 760 BC, r. 740–724 BC

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Biblical History, Hebrew Bible

Start of Ahaz's reign of Judah.

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Iron Age, Hebrew Bible, Biblical History

Hezekiah, king of Judah, b. 740 BC, r. 724–687 BC

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Biblical History, Political Leaders

Hoshea becomes the last king of Israel.

Tags: Monarchy, Biblical History, Iron Age

Hoshea, king of Israel, r. 732–722 BC

Tags: Kingdom of Israel, Monarchy, Political Collapse, Iron Age

Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah.

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Succession, Biblical History

c.641 BC: Josiah becomes king of Judah.

Tags: Monarchy, Judah

Text of Deuteronomy found in the Temple in Jerusalem. The Hebrew prophet Ezekiel said to be born this year.

Tags: Hebrew Bible, Temple of Jerusalem, Religious Reform, Judaism, Monotheism

Jehoahaz succeeds his father Josiah as King of Judah, but is quickly deposed by Necho, who installs Jehoahaz's brother Jehoiakim in his place.

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Succession

Jehoiachin succeeds Jehoiakim as King of Judah.

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Biblical History, Succession

Return of some Jews from Babylonian exile who build the Second Temple about fifty years after the destruction of the First Temple, from 520 BC–516 BC.

Tags: Judaism, Exile, Second Temple, Religious History, Jewish History, Cyrus the Great, Persian Empire

Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to Jerusalem, bringing to a close the Babylonian captivity.

Tags: Babylonian Exile, Jewish History, Second Temple Period, Religious Freedom, Persian Empire, Exile, Cyrus the Great

12 March 515 BC: Construction is completed on the Temple in Jerusalem.

Tags: Judaism, Temple, Persian Empire, Religious Architecture, Second Temple, Biblical History, Achaemenid Empire

Ezra leads the second body of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.

Tags: Exile, Babylonian Exile, Judaism, Second Temple Period, Religious Leadership, Jewish Diaspora

Decree of Artaxerxes I to re-establish the city government of Jerusalem. See Ezra 7, Daniel 9 and Nehemiah 1 in Old Testament.

Tags: Persian Empire, Judaism, Religious Law, Second Temple Period

Artaxerxes I gives Nehemiah permission to rebuild Jerusalem.

Tags: Persian Empire, Judaism, Temple, Artaxerxes I, Religious Freedom, Biblical History, Second Temple Period

Antiochus II Theos, 2nd son, at the death of his father becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.

Tags: Seleucid Empire, Ancient greece, Monarchy, Succession, Diadochi

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the last effective ruler of the Seleucid Empire

Tags: Seleucid Empire, Ancient greece, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Monarchy, Jewish History, Hasmonean Dynasty

Jonathan Maccabaeus, leader of the Hasmonean rebellion and first autonomous ruler of Judea

Tags: Hasmonean Dynasty, Ancient greece, Jewish History, Independence, Political Leadership, Antiquity, Kingdom

Aristobulus II seizes power from John Hyrcanus II in Judea.

Tags: Hasmonean Dynasty, Succession, Political Intrigue, Jewish History, Monarchy

Pompey captures Jerusalem, and establishes Roman annexation of Judea as a client kingdom. He also permanently abolishes Seleucid Syria. Aristobulus II...

Tags: Ancient rome, Seleucid Empire, Client Kingdom, Annexation, Pompey the Great, Political Transition, Ancient greece

Herod the Great becomes king of Judea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Hasmonean Dynasty

c. 6 BC – 4 BC: birth of Jesus of Nazareth (see Chronology of Jesus' birth and death, Anno Domini, and Common Era for further details).

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, Roman Empire, Religion, Birth, Gospels

Judea annexed to the Roman province of Syria after the death of King Herod.

Tags: Roman Empire, Annexation, Provincial Administration, Herodian Dynasty, Ancient rome, Regional Power, Hasmonean Dynasty

Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar. However, most scholars think that Dionysius...

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, Biblical History

Possible date – Jesus, Jewish preacher and religious leader (executed c. AD 30/33)

Tags: Jesus Christ, Christianity, Jewish History, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Gospels, Religious Violence, Ancient rome

Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul.

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Exile, Political Intrigue, Roman Governance

Iudaea and Moesia become Roman provinces.

Tags: Roman Empire, Provinces, Administration, Moesia, Ancient rome, Territorial Control, Military

Quirinius conducts a census in Judea (according to Josephus), which results in a revolt in the province, led by Judas of Galilee, and supported by the...

Tags: Roman Empire, Census, Rebellion, Zealots, Pharisees, Religious Conflict

John the Apostle, Jewish Christian mystic (d. AD 100)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle, Mysticism, Early Church, Biblical Figures, Roman Empire

According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus visits Herod's Temple and gets lost.

Tags: Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth, Gospel of Luke, Judaism, Religious Pilgrimage, Biblical History

Annius Rufus is appointed Prefect of Judea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Prefect, Ancient rome, Political Appointment, Governance

Quirinius returns from Judea to become a counselor to Tiberius.

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Imperial Court, Tiberius, Ancient rome

Emperor Augustus initiates his third census of the Roman Empire after 20 years.

Tags: Roman Empire, Augustus, Census, Governance, Administration, Taxation, Population, Ancient rome, Political History

Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, builds the city Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, in honor of Tiberius.

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, City Planning, Governance, Herod Antipas

Herod Archelaus, Jewish ruler (ethnarch) (b. 23 BC)

Tags: Ancient rome, Herodian Dynasty, Jewish History, Rebellion, Roman Empire, Governance, Political Instability

Mark the Evangelist, Christian evangelist, martyr, known for The Gospel of Mark (approximate date) (d. 68 AD)

Tags: Christianity, Evangelism, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Figures, Religious History

Hillel the Elder, Babylonian sage, scholar, and Jewish leader (b. c. 110 BC)

Tags: Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism, Pharisees, Religious Leader

Pontius Pilate is appointed as prefect of Judea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Prefect, Roman Governance, Herod Antipas, Political Appointment, Biblical History

Jesus's crucifixion, one out of three possible years.

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, Roman Empire, Gospels, Religious Violence, Crucifixion, Religious History

Using the dates and ranges listed in the Gospel of Luke, this year can be established as when John the Baptist begins preaching in the Jordan. It is a...

Tags: Christianity, Judaism, John the Baptist, Jesus Christ, Gospels, Baptism, Religious Figures, Roman Empire

Possible date of the Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist (another possibility is AD 29).

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, John the Baptist, Religious Figures, Roman Empire, Baptism, Gospels

According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus begin at the earliest in this year, and more likely in AD 2...

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, John the Baptist, Gospel of Luke, Roman Empire, Religious History

Herod Agrippa II, king of Judea

Tags: Ancient rome, Herodian Dynasty, King, Jewish History, Succession

Julia Berenice, Jewish client queen of Judea

Tags: Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Monarchy, Jewish History, Herodian Dynasty

Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Roman governor (b. c. 51 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Roman Governors, Political Figures, Ancient rome, Tiberius, Christianity

According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus probably began in this year. Jesus is baptized by John the ...

Tags: Christianity, Jesus Christ, John the Baptist, Baptism, Gospel of Luke, Religious Figure, Religious Movement

Jesus (b. 5 BC)

Tags: Jesus, Christianity, Gospels, Roman Empire, Apostles

April 3 – According to Colin Humphrey's account, Jesus of Nazareth's Last Supper takes place.

Tags: Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth, Biblical Studies, Religious History, Ancient rome

Stephen, one of the original seven deacons of the Christian Church, is martyred for his faith (possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Martyrdom, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Apostles, Saint, Religious History

Saul of Tarsus, on the road to Damascus, is converted to Christianity, and becomes Paul the Apostle (possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Paul the Apostle, Conversion, Roman Empire, Religious History, Early Church, Religious Conversion

Pontius Pilate is recalled to Rome, after putting down a Samaritan uprising.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Rebellion, Provincial Administration, Roman Governors, Political Instability

Marcellus becomes governor of Judaea and Samaria.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Governance, Ancient rome, Political Appointment

The Pharisee Saul of Tarsus is converted to Christianity, after a vision. After the year 39, he is recognised as Saint Paul.

Tags: Christianity, Religious Conversion, Apostle, Roman Empire, Religious History

Paul meets Peter and James in Jerusalem (approximate date) (After 3 years "from his vision on the road to Damascus " went to Jerusalem to meet Peter a...

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Paul the Apostle, Religious Leadership, Religious History, Biblical Figures

Agrippa I, king of Judaea, successfully accuses Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of conspiracy against Caligula. Antipas is exiled and Ag...

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Herodian Dynasty, Tetrarchy, Exile, Political Intrigue, Caligula, Power Struggle

Philip the Tetrarch, Jewish ruler of Batanaea

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Tetrarchy, Jewish History, Governance

Caligula orders that a statue of himself be placed in the Temple in Jerusalem. The governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, who is responsible for havin...

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Temple of Jerusalem, Religious Conflict, Antiquity, Caligula, Imperial Cult, Religious Violence, Protest

Jesus Christ, founding figure of Christianity, (ca. 4 BC–ca. AD 33)

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Movements, Judaism, Paul the Apostle

Paul the Apostle, Apostle and Theologian (c.5-64)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Early Church, Missionary Work, Conversion, Religious Doctrine, Roman Empire, Hellenistic World, Judaism

Saint Peter, Apostle and first Bishop of Rome (c.30-c.64)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Missionary Work, Religious History

Thomas the Apostle, Apostle and first Patriarch of the East (c.33-c.72)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Missionary Work, Early Church, Religious Expansion, Religious Leaders

Josephus, Romano-Jewish historian (d. c. 100 AD)

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, History, Historiography, Jewish History, Josephus, First Jewish-Roman War, Religious Texts

April 6 – Jesus of Nazareth, founder of Christianity (possible date of the crucifixion) (born circa 4 BC) The other possible dates also supported by s...

Tags: Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth, Crucifixion, Roman Empire, Religious History, Religious Figure

Jesus of Nazareth (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Early Church, Roman Empire, Religious Missions, Paul the Apostle, Hellenistic World

John the Baptist, religious figure in Christianity, Islam, and other Abrahamic religions (b. late 1st century BC)

Tags: Religion, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Herod Antipas, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Prophet

An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).

Tags: Christianity, Church History, Corinth, Roman Empire, Apostle Paul, Religion, Ancient greece

Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Monarchy, Claudius, Ancient rome, Imperialism, Herodian Dynasty

Claudius restores religious freedom to Jews throughout the empire, but prohibits Jews in Rome from proselytising.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Religious Freedom, Claudius, Antiquity, Jewish Diaspora, Imperial Decree, Legal History

25 January – The Apostle Paul is converted to Christianity (the exact date is not provided in texts, but the Roman Catholic Church chooses to commemor...

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Religious Conversion, Roman Empire, Evangelism, Religious History, Hellenistic World

Judaea is controlled by Roman governors.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Ancient rome, Imperialism, Roman Governors, Jewish History, Governance

Emperor Claudius expels the Jews from Rome.

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaism, Expulsion, Religious Violence, Antisemitism, Diaspora

Paul of Tarsus begins his missionary travels, according to one traditional dating scheme.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Missionary Work, Roman Empire, Religious Conversion, Religious Expansion

Ananias becomes high priest in Judaea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish History, Priesthood, Temple of Jerusalem, Religious Leadership, Herodian Dynasty, Religious Authority

Emperor Claudius invests Agrippa II with the office of superintendent of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Temple of Jerusalem, Religion, Jewish History, Claudius, Agrippa II, Governance, Religious Authority

Herod Agrippa I, king of Judea (b. 11 BC)

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, King, Death, Jewish History

First apostolic council in Jerusalem (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Council, Gentiles, Religious Law, Religious Expansion

The Apostle Paul begins his second missionary journey with Silas while Barnabas goes to Cyprus with Mark.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Missionary Work, Early Church, Roman Empire, Religious Expansion, Evangelism, Biblical History

Christianity spreads into Europe, especially at Rome and at Philippi (probable date according to chronology derived from the Acts of the Apostles).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Roman Empire, Apostles, Missionary Work, Religious Conversion, Paul the Apostle, Acts of the Apostles

Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera, Roman soldier (hypothesized by numerous scholars to have been the father of Jesus)

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Christianity, Jesus, Gospels, Archaeology, Controversy

James the Great, apostle of Jesus (executed by the order of King Agrippa I)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Martyrdom, Biblical History

Roman emperor Claudius appoints Agrippa II governor of Chalcis.

Tags: Roman Empire, Governance, Provincial Administration, Herodian Dynasty, Client Kingdom, Claudius, Agrippa II, Chalcis

In Judaea, a Roman soldier seizes and burns a Torah scroll. Procurator Cumanus has the culprit beheaded, calming down the Jews and delaying for almost...

Tags: Roman Empire, Judaea, Judaism, Religious Conflict, Jewish History, Procurator, First Jewish-Roman War, Religious Violence

The Epistle to the Romans is written (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Paul the Apostle, Early Church, Theology, Roman Empire, Biblical Literature, Religious Doctrine, Epistles

The Apostles hold the Council of Jerusalem (approximate date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Council, Christian Theology, Religious Law, Gentiles, Paul the Apostle, Religious Authority

Ananias, a high priest in Jerusalem, is sent to Rome after being accused of violence.

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, High Priest, Religious Violence, Jewish History

Emperor Claudius removes Herod Agrippa II from the tetrarchy of Chalcis in Greece.

Tags: Roman Empire, Tetrarchy, Claudius, Political Intrigue, Governance, Provincial Administration

In Caesarea, a local ordinance restricting Jewish rights sparked violence between Jews and pagans, with Roman troops siding against the Jews; Nero ult...

Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish History, Religious Conflict, Civil Rights, Discrimination, Persecution, Governance, Nero

Judea is returned piecemeal to Herod Agrippa's son Marcus Julius Agrippa between 48 and 54.

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Kingdom, Client Kingdom, Agrippa II, Governance

Paul of Tarsus begins his third mission.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Evangelism, Religious Conversion, Ancient World

The apostle Paul writes his First Epistle to the Corinthians.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Epistles, Corinth, Religious Texts, Biblical Studies, Ancient greece, Roman Empire

The apostle Paul writes his second Epistle to the Corinthians, probably from Philippi.

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Epistles, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Biblical Literature, Theology, Ancient greece

The apostle Paul returns to Jerusalem with the money he has collected to give the Christian community there. However, he is accused of defiling the te...

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Legal System, Christian Missions

Paul the Apostle pleads his case and testifies to his Christianity before King Agrippa II of the Herodians, who responds "You almost persuade me to be...

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Religious Violence, Evangelism, Biblical History, Religious Conversion

Agrippa II of the Herodians rules the northeast of Judea.

Tags: Roman Empire, Herodian Dynasty, Client Kingdom, Monarchy, Governance, Roman Influence, Agrippa II

The First Epistle of Peter, if by Peter, is probably written between this year and c. AD 64.

Tags: Christianity, Epistles, Peter the Apostle, Biblical Studies, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology

The first Christian community in Africa is founded by Mark, a disciple of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Ancient greece, Spread of Religion

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Peter

Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (latest possible date).

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Martyrdom, Roman Empire, Persecution, Peter, Religious History

The Essenes place the Dead Sea Scrolls in the caves at Qumran.

Tags: Judaism, Religious Texts, Second Temple Period, Archaeology

July 1 – two legions in Egypt, a legion in Syria, and a legion in Judea declare Vespasian emperor

Tags: Roman Empire, Vespasian, Emperor, Civil War, Ancient rome, Military, Succession

July 1 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as emperor.

Tags: Roman Empire, Civil War, Vespasian, Ancient rome, Succession, Military

Josephus, Jewish rebel leader, is dragged before Vespasian and becomes his historian (he "prophesied" him his elevation to the purple).

Tags: Roman Empire, Jewish Revolt, History, Vespasian, Josephus, Historiography, Ancient rome, Military Leadership

Mark the Evangelist (traditional date) (see AD 61)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle, Evangelism, Religious Figures, Roman Empire, Martyrdom

Paul the Apostle (earliest date) (b. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostle Paul, Roman Empire, Missionary Work, Religious Texts

Simon the Zealot, Christian martyr (approximate date)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Martyrdom, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Zealots, Early Church

Paul the Apostle, Christian martyr (b. c. AD 5)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Roman Empire, Religious Violence, Martyrdom

Ananus ben Ananus, Jewish high priest of Israel

Tags: Jewish History, Temple of Jerusalem, High Priest, Second Temple Period, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership

Emperor Vespasian and his son Caesar Vespasian (the future Emperor Titus) become Roman consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Political Office, 70s AD

21st of Artemisios (about May 20 or 21) – A "certain prodigious and incredible phenomenon", "chariots and troops" seen running in the clouds around Je...

Tags: Jewish History, Siege of Jerusalem

Pentecost (Shavuot, 6th of Sivan, about June 4) – Priests in the Temple in Jerusalem feel a quaking and hear "a sound as of a great multitude saying, ...

Tags: Judaism, Second Temple Period, Temple of Jerusalem, Prophecy, Apocalypticism, Christianity

17th of Panemos (17th of Tammuz), about July 14) – Sacrifices cease in the temple.

Tags: Ancient rome, Judaism, Jewish History, Temple of Jerusalem, Second Temple, Roman Empire, Siege of Jerusalem, First Jewish-Roman War, Destruction

Following the destruction of Jerusalem, the Sanhedrin moved to Jamnia.

Tags: Judaism, Sanhedrin, Roman Empire, First Jewish-Roman War, Jewish History, Rabbinic Judaism, Religious Institutions

Vespasian and Titus are Roman Consuls.

Tags: Roman Empire, Ancient rome, Vespasian, Titus, Imperial Administration, 70s AD, Roman Government

The Temple of Peace, also known as the Forum of Vespasian, is built in Rome. The temple celebrates the conquest of Jerusalem (in AD 70) and houses the...

Tags: Ancient rome, Roman Empire, Temple, Religious Architecture, Judaism, Vespasian

June 23 – Emperor Vespasian dies of fever from diarrhea; his last words on his deathbed are: "I think I'm turning into a god." Titus succeeds his fath...

Tags: Roman Empire, Emperor, Succession, Ancient rome, Titus, Vespasian, Jewish History

Malichus II, Roman client king of Nabatea

Tags: Nabataea, Roman Empire, Client Kingdom, Trade, Ancient greece, Arabia

Phannias ben Samuel, high priest of Israel

Tags: Judaism, Temple of Jerusalem, High Priest, Roman Empire, Religious Leadership, Herodian Dynasty, Second Temple Period

Simeon ben Gamliel, Jewish leader (nasi)

Tags: Jewish History, Pharisees, Rabbinic Judaism, Nasi, Second Temple, Roman Empire

July 3 – Thomas the Apostle, Christian preacher and martyr (according to Roman Catholic tradition)

Tags: Christianity, Apostles, Religious Figures, Martyrdom, Evangelism, Religious Violence, Roman Empire

Possible date of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Christian Theology, Religious History, Early Church

Luke the Evangelist, Greek physician and martyr

Tags: Christianity, Martyrdom, Religious Violence, Roman Empire, Hellenistic World, Biblical Figures

Possible date for the writing of the First Epistle of Peter.

Tags: Christianity, Biblical Literature, Early Church, Religious Texts, Roman Empire, Religious History

Nerva recognizes the Sanhedrin of Jamnia as an official governmental body of the Jews, and the patriarch or nasi is designated as the representative o...

Tags: Roman Empire, Sanhedrin, Nerva, Jewish Diaspora, Religious Authority, Political Recognition, Ancient rome

Ishmael ben Elishha, Jewish rabbi (approximate date)

Tags: Judaism, Religious Leadership

c. March 9 – Narcissus of Jerusalem, Christian bishop and saint (d. c. 216)

Tags: Christianity, Bishop, Saint, Roman Empire, Religious Figures

Approximate date – Clement of Rome, pope of the Catholic Church

Tags: Christianity, Early Church, Catholicism, Religious Leadership, Religious History, 1st Century

Justinian I succeeds Justin I as Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Tags: Byzantine Empire, Roman Empire, Emperor, Eastern Roman Empire, Justinian I, Succession, Imperial Rule

– The Leningrad Codex, one of the oldest full manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, is completed.

Tags: Middle Ages, Hebrew Bible, Manuscript, Jewish History, Religious Texts, Rabbinic Judaism

the ruling Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah disappears suddenly, possibly assassinated by his own sister Sitt al-Mulk, which leads to the open per...

Tags: Islam, Shia Islam, Fatimid Caliphate, Religious Violence, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Political Intrigue, Middle Ages

1065: The Great German Pilgrimage, consisting of around unarmed 7,000 pilgrims, travels to Jerusalem under the leadership of Gunther of Bamberg.

Tags: Pilgrimage, Religion, Christianity, Holy Land, Middle Ages

Pope Urban II calls upon Western Europeans to take up the cross and reclaim the Holy Lands, officially commencing the First Crusade.

Tags: Crusades, Religious Warfare, Catholicism, Holy Land, Middle Ages, Pilgrimage, Islam, Christianity, Medieval Europe

after the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is made into the residential palace for the kings of Jerusalem.

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Religious Conversion, Christianity, Islam, Architecture

On December 25, Baldwin of Boulogne is crowned as the first King of Jerusalem in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Holy Land, Monarchy, Middle Ages, Religion

On January 16, the Council of Nablus, a council of ecclesiastic and secular lords in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, establishes the first written ...

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Law, Middle Ages, Legal History, Council, Nablus

In April, Isabella I begins her reign as Christian Queen of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Tags: Crusades, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Monarchy, Middle Ages, Succession, Holy Land, Christianity

In June, the Treaty of Ramla is signed by Saladin and Richard Lionheart. Under the terms of the agreement, Jerusalem will remain under Muslim control....

Tags: Crusades, Treaty, Diplomacy, Saladin, Christianity, Political Settlement

April 25: Mandatory Palestine established.

Tags: Mandate System, British Empire, Zionism, World War I, Ottoman Empire, Colonialism, League of Nations

May 14: United Nations establishes Israeli Independence and the formation of the official State of Israel.

Tags: Zionism, United Nations, Independence, Statehood, Partition, Post-World War II, Arab-Israeli Conflict, International Relations

October 29 – November 7: Nasser's nationalisation of the Suez Canal triggers the Suez crisis.

Tags: Cold War, Nationalization, Decolonization, Middle East Conflict, Suez Canal, International Relations, Imperialism, United Nations

November 19: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to visit Israel in the hopes of establishing peace between the two countries...

Tags: Peace Process, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Diplomacy, Anwar Sadat, International Relations

September 17: The Camp David Accords are signed between Israel and Egypt.

Tags: Peace Treaty, Diplomacy, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Anwar Sadat, Cold War, International Relations

November 15: Israeli–Palestinian conflict; beginning with the independent State of Palestine being proclaimed from Algiers.

Tags: Self-determination, PLO, Sovereignty, Independence

October 30 – November 1: Madrid Conference of 1991.

Tags: Peace Process, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Diplomacy, International Relations, Israeli-Palestinian conflict

September 13: Oslo accords end First Intifada between Israel and Palestine.

Tags: Middle East Conflict, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace Process, Diplomacy, Self-determination, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin

September 28: Oslo II Accord.

Tags: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace Process, Palestinian territories, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin

November 4: Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister and Defence Minister, by Yigal Amir, an Israeli right-wing extremist.

Tags: Assassination, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace Process, Political Violence, Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister

July 11–25: The 2000 Camp David Summit, aimed at reaching a "final status" agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis, was held between Unite...

Tags: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace Process, Diplomacy, Summit, Yasser Arafat, Bill Clinton

Israel withdraws from Gaza.

Tags: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Territorial Disputes, Withdrawal, Settlements, Security

January 25: Hamas wins the 2006 Palestinian legislative election.

Tags: Hamas, Elections, Political Islam, Governance

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is indicted on charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust.

Tags: Corruption, Political Scandals, Israeli Politics, Prime Minister, Criminal Justice, Bribery, Fraud

June 13: Benjamin Netanyahu, the longest-serving prime minister of Israel, is voted out of office; Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid are sworn in as Prim...

Tags: Government, Prime Minister, Coalition Government

July 18: An international investigation reveals that spyware sold by Israel's NSO Group to different governments is being used to target heads of stat...

Tags: Surveillance, Cybersecurity, Human Rights, Espionage, Privacy, Digital Rights, Political Activism, International Relations

January – October: 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests.

Tags: Protests, Israeli Politics, Democracy, Political Polarization, Human Rights, Civil Society

July 19: ICJ finds Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories a violation of international law

Tags: International Law, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Occupation, Human Rights, Territorial Disputes, Diplomacy, Self-determination, International Relations

November 21: International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders

Tags: International Law, International Criminal Court, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, War Crimes, Human Rights, Accountability, Global Politics