Pingala was the first who accidentally discovered binary numbers in which he used laghu(light) and guru(heavy) rather than 0 and 1.

Tags: Mathematics, Binary Code, Number Theory, Sanskrit, Computing, Indian Mathematics

Z1, built by Konrad Zuse, is the first freely programmable computer in the world.

Tags: Computer Science, Early Computing, Mechanical Computer, World War II, Digital Revolution

November – December: Three Bell Labs engineers give the first public demonstration of the transistor, an electrical component that could control, ampl...

Tags: Electronics, Semiconductors, Bell Labs, Digital Revolution, Microchip, Post-War

The first transistor, a bipolar point-contact transistor, is invented by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain under the supervision of William Shockley at...

Tags: Electronics, Bell Labs, Semiconductors, Digital Revolution

Claude Elwood Shannon: 'A mathematical theory of communication' a seminal paper in Information theory.

Tags: Communication, Mathematics, Digital Revolution, Electronics, Binary Code, Computer Science, Scientific Publication

October: Alan Turing publishes the Turing test, one of the most influential yet controversial concepts in artificial intelligence research.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Cognitive Science, Global Impact

August 25: Bertie the Brain, one of the first computer games, is released.

Tags: Early Computing, Video Games, Artificial Intelligence, Electronics, Entertainment, University

The hard disk drive is invented by IBM.

Tags: Computer Science, Data Storage, Information Technology, IBM, Hardware, Computing

The Logic Theorist computer program, the first "artificial intelligence program", was written and invented by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Clif...

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Automation

The laser and optical amplifier are invented and named by Gordon Gould and Charles Townes. The laser and optical amplifier are foundational to powerin...

Tags: Laser, Internet, Communication

The first personal computer used by one person and controlled by a keyboard, the IBM 610, is invented by IBM.

Tags: Computer Science, Personal Computer, IBM, Computing

Joseph Weizenbaum, a German computer scientist at MIT, completes ELIZA, the first chatbot.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Natural Language Processing, Software Development

October 29: Creation of Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the earliest incarnation of the Internet.

Tags: Internet, Computer Science, Networking, Information Technology, Digital Revolution, Cold War, Development, Communication

The NPL network followed by the ARPANET implement packet switching for data communication, drawing on the concepts and designs of Donald Davies, and P...

Tags: Internet, Information Technology, Digital Revolution

The pocket calculator is invented.

Tags: Electronics, Computing, Mathematics, Consumer Goods

James H. Ellis proposed the possibility of "non-secret encryption", more commonly termed public-key cryptography, a concept that would be implemented ...

Tags: Cryptography, Computer Science, Mathematics, Internet

November 15: Intel releases the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.

Tags: Computer Revolution, Computing, Electronics

The first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, is invented. Its development was led by Federico Faggin, using his silicon-gate MOS technology. ...

Tags: Computer Science, Digital Revolution, Personal Computer, Electronics

IBM developed and released the world's first floppy disk and disk drive.

Tags: Computers, IBM, Data Storage, Hardware, Digital Revolution

The first video game console, used primarily for playing video games on a TV, is the Magnavox Odyssey.

Tags: Video Games, Home Entertainment, Consumer Electronics, Entertainment, Digital Revolution

The first fiber optic communication systems were developed by Optelecom.

Tags: Telecommunications, Digital Revolution

The first commercial graphical user interface is introduced in 1973 on the Xerox Alto. The modern GUI is later popularized by the Xerox Star and Apple...

Tags: Computer Science, Software, Personal Computing, Digital Revolution

The first capacitive touchscreen is developed at CERN.

Tags: Computing, CERN, Electronics

The Transmission Control Program is proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert E. Kahn, building on the work of Louis Pouzin and other Internet pioneers, crea...

Tags: Internet, Computer Science, Networking, Information Technology, Communication, Digital Revolution

January: Altair 8800, the first commercially successful personal computer, is released.

Tags: Personal Computer, Digital Revolution, Software, Hardware, Electronics

April 4: Microsoft founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

Tags: Software, Personal Computing, Entrepreneurship, Digital Revolution

Public dialup information, messaging and e-commerce services, were pioneered through CompuServe and RadioShack's MicroNET, and the UK's Post Office Te...

Tags: Internet, Online Services, Telecommunications, E-commerce

August 12: IBM Personal Computer released.

Tags: Personal Computing, Computers, Information Technology, IBM, Hardware, Software, Digital Revolution

Ameritech, now known as AT&T, commercialized the Bell System (its cellular network) in Chicago, Ill.

Tags: Telecommunications, Cellular Technology, Mobile Phones, Chicago, Digital Revolution

November 20: Windows 1.0, the first Microsoft Windows operating system, released.

Tags: Microsoft, Windows, Software, Personal Computing, Digital Revolution

November 2: Morris worm, first computer virus distributed through the Internet.

Tags: Computer Science, Internet, Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Software

The World Wide Web is invented by computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee.

Tags: World Wide Web, Internet, Computer Science, Information Technology, Networking, Digital Revolution, Globalization, Communication, Software Development

December 20: Tim Berners-Lee publishes the first web site, which described the World Wide Web project.

Tags: World Wide Web, Internet, Computer Science, Information Technology, Digital Revolution, Communication

The first search engine invented was “Archie”, created by Alan Emtage a student at McGill University in Montreal.

Tags: Search Engine, Internet, World Wide Web, Information Technology, Computer Science, Software Development

The world's first GSM telephone call is made in Finland.

Tags: Telecommunications, Mobile Phones, Wireless Communication, Digital Revolution

October 5: Linus Torvalds launches the first version of the Linux kernel.

Tags: Operating Systems, Software Development, Open Source, Computer Science, Internet, Information Technology

The first commercial flash-based solid-state drive is launched by SunDisk.

Tags: Data Storage, Digital Revolution, Electronics, Technology Industry

The first sim card is developed by Munich smart-card maker Giesecke & Devrient.

Tags: Telecommunications, Mobile Phones, Digital Revolution, Communication

October 31 - Microsoft released Windows 3.1.

Tags: Microsoft, Windows, Operating Systems, Software, Graphical User Interface, Technology Industry, Digital Revolution

IBM created the first mobile app with SIMON; it had 10 built-in apps from Email to Calendar.

Tags: Mobile Computing, Smartphones, IBM, Communication, Software, Early Technology, Computing

First generation of Bluetooth is developed by Ericsson Mobile. A form of data communication on short distances between electronic devices.

Tags: Wireless Communication, Mobile Technology, Telecommunications, Networking, Digital Revolution

August 24: Release date of Windows 95.

Tags: Software, Personal Computing, Microsoft, Internet, Graphical User Interface, Digital Revolution, Technology Industry, Global Impact

Waiter.com launches as the first online food ordering service.

Tags: Internet, E-commerce, Online Services, Digital Revolution, Business

The Ciena Corporation, in partnership with Sprint, deployed the first commercial dense wavelength-division multiplexing system, which created the mass...

Tags: Internet, Telecommunications, Infrastructure, Networking

Mobile web was first commercially offered in Finland on the Nokia 9000 Communicator phone, and it was also the first phone with texting.

Tags: Mobile Technology, Wireless Communication, Internet

Bolt and Six Degrees (1997) both become the first social media sites.

Tags: Internet, Social Media, Networking, World Wide Web, Communication, Software Development

August 29: Netflix is launched.

Tags: Internet, Streaming, Digital Media, Entertainment, Telecommunications, Dot-com Bubble

The first weblog, a discussion or informational website, was created by Jorn Barger, and later shortened to "blog" in 1999 by Peter Merholz.

Tags: Internet, World Wide Web, Digital Media, Social Media

June 25 - Microsoft released Windows 98.

Tags: Software, Microsoft, Operating Systems, Personal Computing, Internet, Digital Revolution, Windows

September 4: Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

Tags: Internet, Search Engine, Computer Science, Digital Revolution

The first portable MP3 player was released by SaeHan Information Systems.

Tags: Music, Portable Devices, Consumer Electronics, Digital Revolution

NTT DoCoMo launches i-mode, the first integrated Online App store for mobile phones.

Tags: Mobile Technology, Internet, Wireless Communication, Telecommunications

February 17 - Microsoft released Windows 2000.

Tags: Operating Systems, Microsoft, Software, Computing, Digital Revolution, Business

September 13: Steve Jobs introduces the public beta of Mac OS X.

Tags: Operating Systems, Apple, Steve Jobs, Software, Computer Science, Digital Revolution

February 4: Facebook is formed by Mark Zuckerberg, Andrew McCollum, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.

Tags: Social Media, Internet, Communication, Social Networking, Web 2.0, Global Impact

First podcast, invented by Adam Curry and Dave Winer, is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet and it usually feat...

Tags: Digital Media, Internet, Audio, Communication

February 14: YouTube is founded by Jawed Karim, Chad Hurley and Steve Chen.

Tags: Internet, Social Media, Digital Media, Web 2.0

March 21: Twitter is launched.

Tags: Social Media, Internet, Communication, Social Networking, Global Impact

October 9 – November 13: Google acquires YouTube for US$1.65 billion.

Tags: Internet, Social Media, Digital Media, Google, Web 2.0

January 9: Introduction of the iPhone.

Tags: Mobile Phones, Smartphones, Apple, Steve Jobs, Consumer Electronics, Digital Revolution, Internet

Netflix debuted the first popular video-on-demand service

Tags: Internet, Streaming, Entertainment, Digital Media, Global Impact

The Bank of Scotland develops the world's first banking app

Tags: Banking, Mobile Technology, Digital Revolution, Internet, Communication

SoundCloud, the first on-demand service to focus on music is debuted

Tags: Music, Internet, Digital Media, Streaming, Social Media

In 2007, Amazon launched the first Kindle e-reader, a device developed under the direction of CEO Jeff Bezos to beat competitors to market; it was fol...

Tags: Amazon, Jeff Bezos, Consumer Electronics, Internet

October 7: Spotify is launched.

Tags: Internet, Music, Digital Media, Streaming, Entertainment, Business, Copyright

Google Chrome is released.

Tags: Internet, Software, Google, World Wide Web, Information Technology

Satoshi Nakamoto develops the first blockchain.

Tags: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Decentralization, Cryptography, Information Technology, Digital Currency, Internet

January 3: The cryptocurrency Bitcoin is launched.

Tags: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Digital Currency, Decentralization, Finance, Internet, Cryptography

The iPad is introduced.

Tags: Computing, Apple, Mobile Technology, Consumer Electronics

Instagram is launched.

Tags: Social Media, Internet, Social Networking, Digital Culture, Communication

March 9-15: Artificial intelligence program AlphaGo defeats top Go player Lee Sedol in a series of 5 games, winning 4 out of 5 games.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computer Science, Games, Algorithm

Google publishes a research paper "Attention Is All You Need" leading to the development into a new deep learning architecture known as the transforme...

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Computer Science, Google, Algorithm

November 30: Protein folding, one of the biggest mysteries in biology, is solved by AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence algorithm developed by DeepM...

Tags: Biology, Artificial Intelligence, Scientific Breakthrough, Biotechnology, Genetics

OpenAI demonstrated an Artificial Intelligence model called GPT-3. The program was created to generate human-like responses when given prompts.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Software, Computer Science, OpenAI

April 14: Elon Musk purchases Twitter.

Tags: Social Media, Internet, Business, Communication

November 30: OpenAI launches ChatGPT, an AI chatbot.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Software, Internet, OpenAI

ChatGPT is launched to the public, making its first mainstream generative AI to be released.

Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, OpenAI, Computer Science, Software, Digital Revolution