The start of the Age of Patriarchs with Abraham, and the origin for the Abrahamic Religions, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Christian Bible and the Qu...

Tags: Abraham, Patriarchs, Abrahamic Religions, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Genesis, Religious Origins, Ancient Near East

The Second patriarch Isaac, the long-awaited son of Abraham and Sarah, was nearly sacrificed by his father in a test of faith

Tags: Isaac, Abraham, Faith, Test of Faith, Binding of Isaac, Genesis, Religious Narrative, Ancient Israel

The Third Patriarch Jacob, after deceiving his brother Esau for the birthright, fled, married Leah and Rachel, fathered the twelve tribes of Israel, a...

Tags: Jacob, Israel, Twelve Tribes, Leah, Rachel, Genesis, Tribal Origins, Ancient Israel, Biblical Narrative

In the Book of Genesis. Joseph, the eleventh son of Jacob, was sold into slavery by his jealous brothers, rose to power in Egypt through his wisdom an...

Tags: Joseph, Egypt, Slavery, Famine, Genesis, Forgiveness, Biblical Narrative, Ancient Israel, Wisdom

Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, leading them on a journey that followed 40 years of wandering in the desert. they crossed through th...

Tags: Moses, Exodus, Ten Commandments, Torah, Mount Sinai, Red Sea, Promised Land, Religious Law, Ancient Israel

Biblical judges lead the jewish people. Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson.

Tags: Judges, Othniel, Ehud, Deborah, Gideon, Samson, Leadership, Tribal Period, Ancient Israel

The reign of King Saul, the first monarch of the ancient Kingdom of Israel.

Tags: Saul, Monarchy, Kingdom of Israel, First King, Politics, Ancient Israel

Reign of King David over ancient Kingdom of Israel, he established Jerusalem as the political and spiritual capital

Tags: David, Jerusalem, Monarchy, Kingdom of Israel, Political Capital, Spiritual Capital, Ancient Israel, Zion

Reign of King Solomon over the ancient Kingdom of Israel. After his death, the kingdom was divided into the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Souther...

Tags: Solomon, Kingdom of Israel, Kingdom of Judah, Division, Succession, Politics, Ancient Israel

Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem completed

Tags: Solomon's Temple, Jerusalem, Religious Architecture, First Temple, Worship, Ancient Israel, Temple Mount

Split between Northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) and the Southern Kingdom of Judah

Tags: Division, Kingdom of Israel, Kingdom of Judah, Civil War, Political Fragmentation, Ancient Israel

Reign of King Rehoboam of Judah, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Judah

Tags: Rehoboam, Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Politics, Ancient Israel, Southern Kingdom

Reign of King Jeroboam of Israel, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Israel after the split

Tags: Jeroboam, Kingdom of Israel, Monarchy, Politics, Ancient Israel, Northern Kingdom

The Mesha Inscription, also known as the Moabite Stone, tells the victory of King Mesha of Moab over the son of King Omri of Israel

Tags: Mesha Stele, Moab, Omri, Warfare, Historical Records, Ancient Israel, Archaeology

The Prophecy of Isaiah, which was recorded in the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament Bible.

Tags: Isaiah, Prophecy, Book of Isaiah, Hebrew Bible, Old Testament, Religion, Ancient Israel

The Prophecy of Micah, which was recorded in the Book of Micah in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament Bible.

Tags: Prophecy, Hebrew Bible, Old Testament, Book of Micah, Monotheism, Religious Text, Ancient Israel, Biblical Literature

The Kingdom of Israel falls to the Neo-Assyrian Empire, The fall of Israel resulted in the deportation of many Israelites, often referred to as the "L...

Tags: Neo-Assyrian Empire, Deportation, Lost Ten Tribes, Northern Kingdom, Kingdom of Judah, Assyrian Conquest, Ancient Warfare, Exile

King Hezekiah of Judah, Thirtheenth King of Judah

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Monarchy, Ancient Israel, Biblical Kings, Politics, Jewish History, Hezekiah, Religious Reform

King Josiah of Judah instituted major reforms, destroyed pagan altars and shrines, and renewed the covenant between G-d and the people of Judah reinfo...

Tags: Kingdom of Judah, Religious Reform, Monotheism, Yahweh, Covenant, King Josiah, Paganism, Temple, Jewish Law

Prophecy of Jeremiah, He prophesied during a tumultuous time that preceded the fall of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile.

Tags: Prophecy, Jeremiah, Babylonian Exile, Book of Jeremiah, Jewish Prophets, Religious Text, Ancient Israel, Crisis

The Ketef Hinnom scrolls or Amulets, are recognized as the oldest known surviving texts from the Hebrew Bible.

Tags: Ketef Hinnom, Scrolls, Hebrew Bible, Ancient Texts, Archaeology, Jewish History, Ancient Israel, Religious Artifacts

The first deportation of the Judean Israelites to Babylon, when King Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem and exiled King Jehoiachin, along with a sig...

Tags: Babylonian Exile, Deportation, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Nebuchadnezzar II, Kingdom of Judah, Exile, Jewish Diaspora, Historical Turning Point

The Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah

Tags: Neo-Babylonian Empire, Nebuchadnezzar II, Kingdom of Judah, Occupation, Ancient Warfare, Military History, Jewish History

Jerusalem falls to King Nebuchadnezzar II leading to the destruction of Solomon's Temple.

Tags: Babylonian Exile, Nebuchadnezzar II, Solomon's Temple, Destruction, Jewish History, Temple, Religious Significance, Historical Turning Point

Jews were allowed to Return to Zion, with Cyrus II of the Achaemenid Empire's permission.

Tags: Return to Zion, Cyrus the Great, Achaemenid Empire, Jewish Diaspora, Exile, Persian Empire, Rebuilding, Restoration

The Prophecy of Zechariah

Tags: Prophecy, Zechariah, Second Temple Period, Religious Text, Jewish Prophets, Biblical Literature, Rebuilding, Post-Exilic

Zerubbabel guides the initial group of Jews returning from captivity to Jerusalem

Tags: Zerubbabel, Return to Zion, Babylonian Exile, Second Temple Period, Migration, Jewish Diaspora, Rebuilding, Leadership

The Second Temple in Jerusalem is consecrated, symbolizing the restoration of Jewish worship after the Babylonian exile.

Tags: Second Temple, Temple, Consecration, Jewish Worship, Religious History, Rebuilding, Babylonian Exile, Religious Symbolism

As recounted in the Book of Esther. Often associated with Xerxes I of Persia, Queen Esther disclosed her identity to the king and began to advocate fo...

Tags: Book of Esther, Queen Esther, Haman, Purim, Persian Empire, Jewish Diaspora, Anti-Semitism, Religious Narrative

Ezra's Mission, recounted in the Book of Ezra. With anarchy brewing in Judea, Xerxes' successor Persian King Artaxerxes sent Ezra to restore order.

Tags: Ezra, Book of Ezra, Second Temple Period, Religious Reform, Persian Empire, Judea, Politics, Jewish Law

Alexander the Great the King of Macedonia, one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Macedonia to Egypt and Greece to northwest...

Tags: Hellenistic Period, Alexander the Great, Conquest, Macedonia, Levant, Phoenicia, Ancient World, Empire

Alexander visited Judea to meet High Priest Jaddus, who showed him the prophecy of Alexander's life and conquests from the Book of Daniel. This accoun...

Tags: Hellenistic Period, Alexander the Great, Judea, High Priest, Apocrypha, Book of Daniel, Hasmonean period

At some point during this period, the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) was finalized and canonized. Jewish religious texts written after Ezra's time were not inc...

Tags: Tanakh, Hebrew Bible, Canonization, Jewish Texts, Septuagint, Deuterocanonical Books, Religious Texts, Ezra

The Hasmonean dynasty rules Judea. The Hasmonean kingdom expands outward to Idumea, Samaria, Perea, Galilee, and Gilead due to weakness and dissolutio...

Tags: Hasmonean Dynasty, Judea, Seleucid Empire, Idumea, Samaria, Galilee, Gilead, Political Expansion

Pompey laid siege to and entered the Temple, and Judea became a client kingdom of the Roman Republic.

Tags: Roman Republic, Pompey, Judea, Client Kingdom, Siege of Jerusalem, Temple, Roman Influence, Politics

Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, replacing the Hasmonean dynasty with the Herodian dynasty.

Tags: Herod the Great, Herodian Dynasty, Roman Senate, King of the Jews, Judea, Politics, Roman Rule

The enslavement of the Jews in Egypt when a new Pharaoh feared their growing population, leading to their oppression and forced labor

Tags: Egypt, Enslavement, Oppression, Forced Labor, Jewish Diaspora, Pharaoh

Jesus of Nazareth was born in Bethlehem, Herodian Kingdom.

Tags: Jesus of Nazareth, Bethlehem, Herodian Kingdom, Christianity, Religious Figure, Birth, Gospel

Province of Roman Judea created by merging Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea.

Tags: Roman Judea, Judea, Samaria, Idumea, Roman Empire, Politics, Provincial Administration

Hillel the Elder, considered the greatest Torah sage, dies, leading to the dominance of Shammai till 30 CE, see also Hillel and Shammai.

Tags: Hillel the Elder, Torah Sage, Shammai, Jewish Leaders, Oral Torah, Second Temple period, Jewish Law

Sanhedrin trial of Jesus took place before Pontius Pilate, the Governor of the Roman province of Judaea's Roman trial of Jesus. following this Roman ...

Tags: Jesus, Pontius Pilate, Crucifixion, Christianity, Apostles, Gospel, Religious History, Sanhedrin

Helena of Adiabene, a vassal of the Parthian empire in Mesopotamia, converts to Judaism. Significant numbers of Adiabene population follow her, later ...

Tags: Helena of Adiabene, Adiabene, Conversion, Judaism, Parthian Empire, Diaspora, Jewish History

Schism within Judaism during the Second Temple period. A sect within Hellenised Jewish society starts Jewish Christianity, see also Rejection of Jesus...

Tags: Jewish Christianity, Schism, Second Temple period, Hellenism, Rejection of Jesus, Christian Origins, Religious Division

Start of the Jewish–Roman wars which resulted in a Roman victory, and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, During the siege, approximately 1,1...

Tags: Jewish-Roman Wars, Destruction of Jerusalem, Temple, Roman Victory, Fiscus Judaicus, Council of Jamnia, Diaspora, Warfare, Sanhedrin

Period of the Tannaim, rabbis who organized and elucidated the Oral Torah. The decisions of the Tannaim are contained in the Mishnah, Beraita, Tosefta...

Tags: Tannaim, Oral Torah, Mishnah, Beraita, Tosefta, Midrash, Rabbinic Judaism, Jewish Law

Final events of the First Jewish–Roman War – the fall of Masada. Christianity starts off as a Jewish sect and then develops its own texts and ideology...

Tags: Roman Empire, First Jewish-Roman War, Masada, Zealots, Jewish Revolt, Early Christianity, Religious Origins, Judea

Kitos War (Revolt against Trajan) – a second Jewish-Roman War initiated in large Jewish communities of Cyprus, Cyrene (modern Libya), Aegipta (modern ...

Tags: Roman Empire, Kitos War, Jewish Revolt, Jewish Diaspora, Roman Persecution, Cyrene, Hadrian, Military Conflict, Jewish-Roman Wars

The Roman emperor Hadrian, among other provocations, renames Jerusalem "Aelia Capitolina" and prohibits circumcision. Simon bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba) le...

Tags: Roman Empire, Hadrian, Bar Kokhba Revolt, Jewish Revolt, Religious Persecution, Judea, Aelia Capitolina, Circumcision, Massacre, Syria Palaestina

Rabbi Akiva is martyred.

Tags: Roman Empire, Rabbi Akiva, Jewish Martyrs, Religious Leaders, Jewish Law, Torah, Persecution, Jewish Spirituality

With Emperor Hadrian's death, the persecution of Jews within the Roman Empire is eased and Jews are allowed to visit Jerusalem on Tisha B'av. In the f...

Tags: Roman Empire, Hadrian, Jewish Community, Galilee, Tisha B'Av, Jewish History, Religious Tolerance, Jewish Life

The Mishnah, the standardization of the Jewish oral law as it stands today, is redacted by Judah haNasi in the land of Israel.

Tags: Mishnah, Oral Law, Rabbinic Judaism, Judah haNasi, Jewish Law, Talmud, Jewish Literature, Halakha

Period of the Amoraim, the rabbis of the Talmud.

Tags: Amoraim, Talmud, Rabbinic Judaism, Jewish Scholarship, Jewish Thought, Jewish History, Oral Law, Jewish Law

Nehardea in Babylonia destroyed by the Palmyrenes, which destruction caused the widespread dispersion of Jews in the region.

Tags: Babylonia, Nehardea, Jewish Diaspora, Palmyrenes, Jewish Communities, Migration, Jewish History, Ancient Near East

Roman Emperor Constantine I enacts new restrictive legislation. Conversion of Christians to Judaism is outlawed, congregations for religious services ...

Tags: Constantine I, Roman Empire, Religious Law, Jewish Law, Judaism, Early Christianity, Religious Tolerance, Jerusalem, Toleration

Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus is put down. Sepphoris is razed to the ground.

Tags: Roman Empire, Constantius Gallus, Jewish Revolt, Sepphoris, Persecution, Jewish Community, Military Conflict, Judea

Because of the increasing danger of Roman persecution, Hillel II creates a mathematical calendar for calculating the Jewish month. After adopting the ...

Tags: Hillel II, Jewish Calendar, Sanhedrin, Jewish Law, Tiberias, Calendar Reform, Jewish Timekeeping, Religious Practices

The last pagan Roman Emperor, Julian, allows the Jews to return to "holy Jerusalem which you have for many years longed to see rebuilt" and to rebuild...

Tags: Julian, Roman Empire, Second Temple, Jerusalem, Jewish History, Religious Tolerance, Jewish Community, Politics

Galilee earthquake of 363

Tags: Galilee, Earthquake, Natural Disaster, Jewish Community, Disaster, 363 CE

In India, the Hindu king Sira Primal, also known as Iru Brahman, issued what was engraved on a tablet of brass, his permission to Jews to live freely,...

Tags: India, Jewish Community, Religious Tolerance, Synagogue, Jewish Rights, Iru Brahman, Jewish Diaspora, Asia

The Empress Eudocia removes the ban on Jews' praying at the Temple site and the heads of the Community in Galilee issue a call "to the great and might...

Tags: Eudocia, Jerusalem, Jewish Community, Jewish History, Religious Tolerance, Jewish Diaspora, Galilee

Redaction of the Jerusalem Talmud

Tags: Talmud, Rabbinic Judaism, Jerusalem, Halakha, Oral Law, 4th Century, 5th Century, Jewish Law

Yosef Dhu Nuwas, King of Himyarite Kingdom (Modern Yemen) converting to Judaism, upgrading existing Yemenese Jewish center. His kingdom falls in a war...

Tags: Conversion, Himyar, Yemen, Judaism, Axum, Religious Conversion, Jewish Kingdom, 5th Century, 6th Century

The main redaction of Babylonian Talmud is completed under Rabbis Ravina and Ashi. To a lesser degree, the text continues to be modified for the next ...

Tags: Talmud, Babylonian Talmud, Rabbinic Judaism, Halakha, Oral Law, 5th Century, 6th Century, Jewish Law, Ravina, Ashi

Period of the Savoraim, the sages in Persia who put the Talmud in its final form.

Tags: Savoraim, Talmud, Rabbinic Judaism, Halakha, Oral Law, Post-Talmudic, 5th Century, 6th Century, Jewish Law

The Fourth Samaritan Revolt against Byzantium results in great reduction of the Samaritan community, their Israelite faith is outlawed. Neighbouring J...

Tags: Samaritans, Byzantine Empire, Persecution, Galilee, Religious Conflict, 6th Century, Revolt, Israel, Byzantium

Jews of Galilee led by Benjamin of Tiberias gain autonomy in Jerusalem after revolting against Heraclius as a joint military campaign with ally Sassan...

Tags: Revolt, Galilee, Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire, Sasanian Empire, Persecution, 6th Century, 7th Century, Heraclius, Jewish Militias

Sisebut, king of the Visigoths, forces his Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity.

Tags: Visigoths, Spain, Forced Conversion, Christianity, Persecution, 7th Century, Religious Persecution

Period of the Gaonim (the Gaonic era). Most Jews lived in the Muslim Arab realm (Andalusia, North Africa, Palestine, Iraq and Yemen), others living in...

Tags: Gaonim, Jewish Law, Halakha, Talmudic Era, 7th Century, 8th Century, Jewish Culture, Niqqud, Sura, Pumbeditha

Ummayad armies invade and occupy most of Spain (at this time Jews made up about 8% of Spain's population). Under Visigothic rule, Jews had been subjec...

Tags: Umayyad Caliphate, Spain, Dhimmi, Golden Age, Muslim Rule, 7th Century, 8th Century, Al-Andalus

The Khazar (a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia) King and members of the upper class adopt Judaism. The Khazarate lasts until 10th century,...

Tags: Khazars, Conversion, Judaism, Khazar Empire, 8th Century, Central Asia, Religious Conversion

The Karaites reject the authority of the oral law, and split off from rabbinic Judaism.

Tags: Karaites, Rabbinic Judaism, Oral Law, Heresy, 8th Century, Jewish Sect, Religious Schism

Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders all Jews in the Caliphate to wear a yellow belt, with Christians to wear a blue one.

Tags: Abbasid Caliphate, Dhimmi, Yellow Badge, Discrimination, 8th Century, Religious Persecution

In Sura, Iraq, Rav Amram Gaon compiles his siddur (Jewish prayer book.)

Tags: Siddur, Prayer Book, Rav Amram Gaon, Gaonim, Jewish Prayer, 9th Century, Jewish Liturgy

al-Mutawakkil made a decree ordering dhimmi Jews and Christians to wear garments distinguishing them from Muslims, their places of worship to be destr...

Tags: Dhimmi, Discrimination, Religious Persecution, Abbasid Caliphate, 9th Century, al-Mutawakkil, Dress Codes

An incomplete marriage contract dated to October 6 of this year is the earliest dated document found in the papers of the Cairo Geniza.

Tags: Cairo Geniza, Document, Marriage Contract, Jewish History, 9th Century, Historical Source, Egypt

The Aghlabids require dhimmis in the Maghreb and Sicily to wear a patch (ruq'a) of white fabric on the shoulder of their outer garment, with the patch...

Tags: Dhimmi, Aghlabids, Maghreb, Sicily, Badge, Religious Discrimination, Medieval Period

The Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain. Abd-ar-Rahman III becomes Caliph of Spain in 912, ushering in the height of tolerance. Muslims granted Jews...

Tags: Golden Age, Spain, Tolerance, Abd-ar-Rahman III, Jewish Culture, Muslim Rule, Cordoba, Medieval Period

In Iraq, Saadia Gaon compiles his siddur (Jewish prayer book).

Tags: Saadia Gaon, Siddur, Prayer Book, Jewish Law, Iraq, Gaon, Religion, Medieval Period

In the Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia, the Senate forbids sea captains from accepting Jewish passengers.

Tags: Venice, Restrictions, Sea Travel, Italy, Discrimination, Medieval Period

Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ("the Mad") issues severe restrictions against Jews in the Fatimid Caliphate. All Jews are forced to wear a heavy wooden ...

Tags: Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid Caliphate, Religious Persecution, Egypt, Black Hats, Wooden Calf, Medieval Period

Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi (from Morocco, later Spain) writes the Rif, an important work of Jewish law.

Tags: Yitchaki Alfassi, Rif, Jewish Law, Morocco, Spain, Halakha, Medieval Period

During the fall of the city, Sulayman's troops looted Córdoba and massacred citizens of the city, including many Jews. Prominent Jews in Córdoba, such...

Tags: Cordoba, Massacre, Sulayman, Samuel ibn Naghrela, Spain, Flight, Medieval Period

The Jewish community of Kairouan, Tunisia is forced to choose between conversion and expulsion.

Tags: Kairouan, Conversion, Expulsion, Tunisia, Religious Persecution, Medieval Period

Following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forces of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran tribe, perpetrated a massacre...

Tags: Fez, Massacre, Zenata Berber, Morocco, Religious Violence, Medieval Period

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi) writes important commentaries on almost the entire Tanakh and Talmud.

Tags: Rashi, Commentaries, Tanakh, Talmud, France, Jewish Scholarship, Medieval Period

Granada massacre: Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, crucified Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacred most of the Jewish popula...

Tags: Granada, Massacre, Joseph ibn Naghrela, Vizier, Spain, Religious Violence, Medieval Period

Granada was captured by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, King of the Almoravides. The Jewish community, believed to have sided with the Christians, was destroyed. M...

Tags: Granada, Almoravides, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Toledo, Spain, Expulsion, Medieval Period

Christian Crusades begin, sparking warfare with Islam in Palestine. Crusaders temporarily capture Jerusalem in 1099. Tens of thousands of Jews are kil...

Tags: Crusades, Jerusalem, Religious Warfare, Europe, Middle East, Persecution, Medieval Period

Time of the tosafot, Talmudic commentators who carried on Rashi's work. They include some of his descendants.

Tags: Tosafot, Talmudic Commentators, Rashi, Jewish Scholarship, France, Germany, Medieval Period

Moroccan Almoravid ruler Yusuf ibn Tashfin expels Moroccan Jews who do not convert to Islam.

Tags: Almoravids, Expulsion, Morocco, Conversion, Religious Persecution, Medieval Period

Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, aka Maimonides or the Rambam is the leading rabbi of Sephardic Jewry. Among his many accomplishments, he writes one of the mos...

Tags: Maimonides, Rambam, Sephardic Jewry, Mishneh Torah, Guide for the Perplexed, Jewish Law, Philosophy, Codification, Medieval Judaism, Halakha

Yehuda Halevi issues a call to the Jews to emigrate to Palestine. He is buried in Jerusalem.

Tags: Yehuda Halevi, Zionism, Palestine, Aliyah, Jewish Diaspora, Poetry, Religious Nationalism, Medieval Period, Jerusalem, Eretz Yisrael

The Almohads conquer southern Spain and the Magrheb. As they do not regocnise the typical dhimmi status of Jews and Christians, they often force them ...

Tags: Almohads, Persecution, Forced Conversion, Dhimmi, Shikla, Anti-Semitism, Medieval Period, Religious Intolerance, Maimonides, Maghreb

Maimonides completed his Introduction to the Mishneh Torah.

Tags: Maimonides, Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Introduction, Jewish Law, Codification, Halakha, Medieval Judaism, Sephardic Jewry, Rabbinic Literature

Upon the capture of Jerusalem, Saladin summons the Jews and permits them to resettle in the city. In particular, the residents of Ashkelon, a large Je...

Tags: Saladin, Jerusalem, Jewish Resettlement, Crusades, Ayyubid Dynasty, Ashkelon, Political Tolerance, Religious Tolerance, Medieval Period, Eretz Yisrael

Jacob of Orléans slain in antisemitic riots that swept through London during the coronation of King Richard I. The king later punished the perpetrator...

Tags: Anti-Semitism, Riots, Persecution, King Richard I, Jacob of Orleans, Medieval Period, England, Coronation, Jewish History, Pogroms

150 Jews of York, England, killed in a pogrom, known as the York Massacre.

Tags: York Massacre, Pogrom, Persecution, Anti-Semitism, Medieval Period, England, Massacre, Jewish Community, Religious Violence, Crusades

Jews living in England, under King Henry III, were blamed for counterfeiting the money and when the local citizens began to exact revenge on them, the...

Tags: Expulsion, England, King Henry III, Anti-Semitism, Financial Accusations, Usury, Medieval Period, Persecution, Jewish History, Scapegoating

The Hafsid caliph in the Magrheb and the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt issue decrees that Jews and Christians to wear a dinstinguishing badge. The so-called...

Tags: Dhimmi, Badge of Shame, Shikla, Religious Discrimination, Jewish History, Medieval Period, Hafsid Caliphate, Ayyubid Sultanate, Social Discrimination, North Africa

The life of Moses de Leon, of Spain. He publishes to the public the Zohar the 2nd century CE esoteric interpretations of the Torah by Rabbi Shimon bar...

Tags: Moses de Leon, Zohar, Kabbalah, Jewish Mysticism, Esoteric Judaism, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, Medieval Period, Spain, Religious Thought, Mysticism

Period of the Rishonim, the medieval rabbinic sages. Most Jews at this time lived in lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea or in Western Europe under ...

Tags: Rishonim, Medieval Judaism, Rabbinic Sages, Halakha, Commentaries, Torah, Talmud, Jewish Law, Codification, Jewish History

Nachmanides (Ramban) settles in Jerusalem and builds the Ramban Synagogue.

Tags: Nachmanides, Ramban, Jerusalem, Synagogue, Eretz Yisrael, Jewish Community, Medieval Period, Religious Leader, Rabbi, Jewish History

Rabbi Jacob ben Asher of Spain writes the Arba'ah Turim (Four Rows of Jewish Law).

Tags: Jacob ben Asher, Arba'ah Turim, Jewish Law, Halakha, Codification, Rabbinic Literature, Medieval Period, Spain, Legal Code, Jewish Law

Massacre in Fez to kill all Jews stopped by intervention of the Emir.

Tags: Fez, Massacre, Morocco, Jewish Community, Persecution, Emir, Medieval Period, Intervention, Religious Violence, North Africa

Jews are expelled from England by Edward I after the banning of usury in the 1275 Statute of Jewry.

Tags: Expulsion, England, Edward I, Usury, Statute of Jewry, Anti-Semitism, Medieval Period, Persecution, Jewish History, Financial Accusations

Rabbi Levi ben Gershom, aka Gersonides. A 14th-century French Jewish philosopher best known for his Sefer Milhamot Adonai ("The Book of the Wars of th...

Tags: Philosophy, Medieval Judaism, Jewish Thought, Science, Rabbi, Commentary, Gersonides, Sefer Milhamot Adonai, 14th Century

Jews are repeatedly expelled from France and readmitted, for a price.

Tags: Expulsion, Persecution, France, Medieval Period, Taxation, Jewish Community, Royal Decree, 14th Century

Jews persecuted in Western Europe are invited to Poland by Casimir the Great.

Tags: Migration, Poland, Casimir the Great, Jewish Refuge, Persecution, Medieval Period, Eastern Europe, Jewish Community, 14th Century

Jews scapegoated as the cause of the growing Black Death. See also Medieval antisemitism

Tags: Black Death, Scapegoating, Antisemitism, Persecution, Medieval Period, Pogroms, Disease, 14th Century, Blame

Pope Clement VI issued two papal bulls in 1348 (6 July and 26 September), the latter named Quamvis Perfidiam, which condemned the violence and said th...

Tags: Papal Bull, Pope Clement VI, Protection, Black Death, Antisemitism, Religious Authority, 14th Century, Catholic Church

Several hundred Jews are publicly burned to death in the Strasbourg massacre.

Tags: Massacre, Pogrom, Strasbourg, Black Death, Persecution, 14th Century, Antisemitism, Religious Violence, France

Genetic testing conducted on Ashkenazi Jews has pointed to a bottleneck in the 1300s in the Ashkenazi Jewish population where it dwindled down to as f...

Tags: Ashkenazi Jews, Population Genetics, Bottleneck, Genetic Studies, Demographics, 14th Century, European History, Jewish History

Civil war in Spain, between brothers Peter of Castile (Pedro) and Henry II of Castile (Enrique), leads to the deaths of 38,000 Jews, embroiled in the ...

Tags: Civil War, Spain, Pedro of Castile, Henry II of Castile, Jewish Deaths, 14th Century, Violence, Religious Conflict, Warfare

The Marinid sultan confines the Jewish population to the mellah of Fez due to the increasing hostility of the Muslim population. The mellahs of other ...

Tags: Mellah, Morocco, Segregation, Jewish Community, Discrimination, 15th Century, Marinid dynasty, North Africa, Ghetto

During the 1465 Moroccan revolution which overthrows the Marinid dynasty, the Jewish mellah is attacked by the population of Fez, though the extent of...

Tags: Mellah, Morocco, Revolution, Fez, Violence, Jewish Community, 15th Century, Marinid Dynasty, North Africa

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain institute the Spanish Inquisition.

Tags: Spanish Inquisition, Persecution, Spain, Religious Tribunal, Conversion, 15th Century, Ferdinand and Isabella, Crypto-Jews, Catholic Church

First Jewish prayer book published in Italy.

Tags: Prayer Book, Liturgy, Printing, Jewish Culture, 15th Century, Italy, Religious Practice

Rabbi Yosef Karo spends 20 years compiling the Beit Yosef, an enormous guide to Jewish law. He then writes a more concise guide, the Shulkhan Arukh, t...

Tags: Yosef Karo, Beit Yosef, Shulkhan Arukh, Jewish Law, Safed, Rabbi, Codification, 15th Century, Halakha, Legal Guide

Obadiah ben Abraham, commentator on the Mishnah, arrives in Jerusalem and marks a new epoch for the Jewish community.

Tags: Jerusalem, Obadiah ben Abraham, Mishnah, Jewish Community, Arrival, 15th Century, Rabbi, Community, Commentator

The Alhambra Decree: Approximately 200,000 Jews are expelled from Spain, The expelled Jews relocate to the Netherlands, Turkey, Arab lands, and Judea;...

Tags: Alhambra Decree, Expulsion, Spain, Migration, Sephardic Jews, 15th Century, Inquisition, Forced Conversion, Crypto-Jews, Diaspora

Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire issued a formal invitation to the Jews expelled from Spain and Portugal and sent out ships to safely bring Jews to hi...

Tags: Expulsion, Sephardic Jews, Ottoman Empire, Bayezid II, Migration, Refugees, Diplomacy, 15th Century

Jews expelled from Sicily. As many as 137,000 exiled.

Tags: Expulsion, Persecution, Italian Jews, Sicily, 15th Century, Forced Migration, Anti-Semitism, Religious intolerance

Jews expelled from Portugal and from many German cities.

Tags: Expulsion, Persecution, German Jews, Portuguese Jews, 15th Century, Forced Migration, Anti-Semitism, Religious intolerance

King Alexander of Poland readmits Jews to Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Tags: Politics, Poland, Lithuania, Jewish community, 16th Century, Legal Status, Migration, Diplomacy

Lisbon massacre: Dominican friars promised absolution for sins committed over the previous 100 days to those who killed the Jews of Lisbon, and a crow...

Tags: Massacre, Persecution, Religious violence, Anti-Semitism, Portugal, 16th Century, Inquisition, Lisbon, Violence

Printing of Jewish books by mechanical press began by Daniel Bomberg.

Tags: Printing, Jewish books, Daniel Bomberg, Venice, 16th Century, Culture, Religious Texts, Literacy

Venetian Ghetto established, the first Jewish ghetto in Europe. Many others follow.

Tags: Ghetto, Venice, Segregation, Jewish community, 16th Century, Politics, Social History, Urban Development

Rabbi Moshe Isserles (The Rema) of Kraków writes an extensive commentary to the Shulkhan Arukh called the Mappah, extending its application to Ashkena...

Tags: Religion, Halakha, Rabbi Moshe Isserles, Shulkhan Arukh, Ashkenazi Jewry, Krakow, 16th Century, Jewish Law

King Sigismund I of Poland abolishes the law that required Jews to wear special clothes.

Tags: Politics, Jewish identity, Poland, Clothing laws, 16th Century, Social History, Legal Status, Discrimination

Isaac Luria ("the Arizal") teaches Kabbalah in Jerusalem and (mainly) Safed to select disciples. Some of those, such as Ibn Tebul, Israel Sarug and mo...

Tags: Kabbalah, Isaac Luria, Safed, Jewish mysticism, 16th Century, Religion, Jewish thought, Mysticism

First Yiddish book published, in Poland.

Tags: Yiddish, Literature, Culture, Language, 16th Century, Poland, Jewish Language, Print culture

First Hebrew Jewish printing house in Lublin.

Tags: Printing, Hebrew, Lublin, 16th Century, Culture, Jewish books, Literacy, Jewish community

Moses ben Jacob Cordovero founds a Kabbalah academy in Safed.

Tags: Kabbalah, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero, Safed, Academy, Jewish mysticism, 16th Century, Religion, Jewish thought

Jews expelled from Genoa, Italy.

Tags: Expulsion, Persecution, Genoa, Italian Jews, 16th Century, Forced Migration, Anti-Semitism

Joseph Nasi encourages Jewish settlement in Tiberias, having fled the Spanish Inquisition in 1547

Tags: Joseph Nasi, Tiberias, Jewish settlement, 16th Century, Politics, Ottoman Empire, Diplomacy, Zionism (proto-)

First yeshiva is founded in Poland.

Tags: Yeshiva, Poland, Ashkenazi, Jewish Education, Rabbinic Judaism, Talmud, Halakha, Religious Institutions, Early Modern Period

A Hebrew printing press is established in Safed, the first press in Palestine and the first in Asia.

Tags: Printing Press, Safed, Hebrew, Publishing, Jewish Culture, Early Modern Period, Kabbalah, Literacy, Dissemination of Knowledge

First session of the Council of Four Lands (Va'ad Arba' Aratzot) in Lublin, Poland. 70 delegates from local Jewish kehillot meet to discuss taxation a...

Tags: Council of Four Lands, Poland, Jewish Autonomy, Kehillot, Taxation, Jewish Governance, Early Modern Period, Ashkenazi, Communal Organization

Thomas Brightman's Shall they return to Jerusalem again? is published posthumously.

Tags: Eschatology, Christian Zionism, Restorationism, England, Millenarianism, Early Modern Period, Religious Thought, Jewish Return to Palestine, Prophecy

Shelah HaKadosh writes his most famous work after emigrating to the Land of Israel.

Tags: Shelah HaKadosh, Kabbalah, Jewish Mysticism, Halakha, Religious Literature, Early Modern Period, Land of Israel, Jewish Thought, Rabbinic Authority

Sir Henry Finch publishes The World's Great Restauration, or Calling of the Jews, and with them of all Nations and Kingdoms of the Earth to the Faith ...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Restaurationism, England, Jews, Eschatology, Early Modern Period, Religious Thought, Messianic Expectations, Theology

First time separate (Va'ad) Jewish Sejm for Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Tags: Jewish Autonomy, Lithuania, Jewish Governance, Sejm, Politics, Communal Organization, Early Modern Period, Ashkenazi, Va'ad

False Messiah Sabbatai Zevi.

Tags: Sabbatai Zevi, False Messiah, Messianism, Jewish History, Religious Movements, Kabbalah, Seventeenth Century, Jewish Diaspora, Jewish Identity

Kingdom of Beta Israel in what is now modern day Ethiopia collapses and loses autonomy.

Tags: Beta Israel, Ethiopia, Jewish History, Religious Persecution, Medieval Period, African Jewry, Kingdom, Political Decline

Jews of Poznań granted a privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city.

Tags: Poznań, Poland, Jewish Rights, Privileges, Politics, Early Modern Period, Jewish Community, Legal Status

Isaac La Peyrère, a French Protestant of Sephardic ancestry and contemporary of Menasseh Ben Israel, publishes Du rappel des juifs which prophesies th...

Tags: La Peyrère, Christian Zionism, Eschatology, France, Jewish Return, Early Modern Period, Religious Thought, Messianic Beliefs, Sephardic

The Ukrainian Cossack Bohdan Chmielnicki leads a massacre of Polish gentry and Jewry that leaves an estimated 65,000 Jews dead and a similar number of...

Tags: Chmielnicki Uprising, Massacres, Ukraine, Poland, Persecution, Pogroms, Jewish History, Seventeenth Century, Ashkenazi

Ebenezer and Joanna Cartwright dispatch a petition to the British Government calling for the ban on Jews settling in England to be lifted and for assi...

Tags: England, Jewish Rights, Petition, Politics, Repatriation, Seventeenth Century, Jewish Diaspora, Oliver Cromwell

Jews readmitted to England by Oliver Cromwell.

Tags: England, Oliver Cromwell, Readmission, Jewish Rights, Politics, Seventeenth Century, Jewish Diaspora, Ashkenazi, Menasseh Ben Israel

Baruch Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise is the first work to consider the Jewish Question in Europe

Tags: Baruch Spinoza, Theologico-Political Treatise, Jewish Question, Philosophy, Enlightenment, Europe, Assimilation, Modernity

Judah he-Hasid leads some 1,500 Jewish immigrants to the Land of Israel and settles in Jerusalem. Three days after the group's arrival their leader di...

Tags: Aliyah, Jewish Immigration, Jerusalem, Religious Leaders, Ashkenazi Jews, Land of Israel, Ottoman Empire

Joseph Eyre publishes a scholarly essay entitled Observations Upon The Prophecies Relating To The Restoration Of The Jews

Tags: Prophecy, Restorationism, Messianism, Christian Zionism, Religious thought, 18th century, Jewish history

Partitions of Poland between Russia, Kingdom of Prussia and Austria. Main bulk of World Jewry lives now in those 3 countries. Old privileges of Jewish...

Tags: Partition of Poland, Political upheaval, Jewish communities, Eastern Europe, 18th century, Political rights, Social impact

American Revolution; guaranteed the freedom of religion.

Tags: American Revolution, Religious freedom, Declaration of Independence, Civil Rights, 18th century, Political Rights, Jewish emancipation

Mob violence against the Jews of Hebron.

Tags: Mob violence, Antisemitism, Hebron, Jewish community, Persecution, 18th century, Holy Land

Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk along with a large group of followers emigrates and settles in Safed. In 1783 they were forced out of Safed, and moved to T...

Tags: Aliyah, Jewish immigration, Hasidism, Safed, Tiberias, 18th century, Religious movement

The French Revolution. In 1791 France grants full right to Jews and allows them to become citizens, under certain conditions.

Tags: French Revolution, Jewish emancipation, Citizenship, Political rights, Enlightenment, 18th century, Equality

In the US, President George Washington sends a letter to the Jewish community in Rhode Island. He writes that he envisions a country "which gives bigo...

Tags: George Washington, Religious freedom, American Jewish history, Tolerance, 18th century, Early American Jewish community, Immigration

Russia creates the Pale of Settlement that includes land acquired from Poland with a huge Jewish population and in the same year Crimea. The Jewish po...

Tags: Pale of Settlement, Jewish restrictions, Eastern Europe, Antisemitism, Social impact, 18th century, Russian Empire

Richard Brothers, a millenarianist, Christian restorationist, a false prophet and the founder of British Israelism, writes A revealed knowledge of the...

Tags: Christian restorationism, British Israelism, Prophecy, Messianism, Religious thought, 18th century, False prophet

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov travels to Palestine.

Tags: Hasidism, Jewish pilgrimage, Palestine, Rabbi Nachman of Breslov, 18th century, Religious figures, Spiritual journey

Mob violence on Jews in Safed.

Tags: Mob violence, Antisemitism, Safed, Jewish community, Persecution, 18th century, Holy Land

While French troops were in Palestine besieging the city of Acre, Napoleon prepared a Proclamation requesting Asian and African Jews to help him conqu...

Tags: Napoleon, Proclamation, Jewish involvement in war, Acre, 18th century, Military history, Zionism

The Golden Age of Yiddish literature, the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language, and the revival of Hebrew literature.

Tags: Yiddish literature, Hebrew revival, Cultural revival, 19th century, Language, Jewish culture, Literature

Foundation of the Palestine Association, stating amongst other goals that "we hope to establish relative to the history, the manners, and the country ...

Tags: Palestine Association, Zionism, Early Zionism, Interest in Palestine, 19th century, Exploration, Jewish history

Large-scale aliyah in hope of Hastening Redemption in anticipation of the arrival of the Messiah in 1840.

Tags: Aliyah, Messianism, Jewish immigration, 19th century, Redemption, Holy Land, Religious motivation

The first group of Perushim, influenced by the teachings of the Vilna Gaon, leaves Shklov and after a 15-month journey settles in Jerusalem and Safed.

Tags: Perushim, Vilna Gaon, Jerusalem, Safed, Ashkenazi Jews, Hasidic movement, Religious revival, Jewish settlement

Foundation of the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews

Tags: Christian Missions, Conversion, Protestantism, Evangelicalism, United Kingdom, Religious Society, Jews and Christianity, 19th century

François-René de Chateaubriand, the founder of Romanticism in French literature, published Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem, in which he wrote of the J...

Tags: Romanticism, French Literature, Chateaubriand, Jerusalem, Jewish identity, Literary influence, Palestine, 19th century

English poet Lord Byron publishes his Hebrew Melodies. The poem does not refer to a return to Palestine, but is one of the first literary works of Jew...

Tags: Lord Byron, Poetry, Hebrew Melodies, Jewish nationalism, Literature, Romanticism, 19th century, Diaspora, Zionism (proto-)

Wissenschaft des Judentums ("Jewish Studies") began to build a secular Jewish identity in the German Confederation

Tags: Wissenschaft des Judentums, Jewish Studies, Secular Jewish identity, German Confederation, Enlightenment, Historical Research, Modern Judaism, Reform Judaism

The development of Orthodox Judaism, a set of traditionalist movements that resisted the influences of modernization that arose in response to the Eur...

Tags: Orthodox Judaism, Traditionalism, Halakha, European Emancipation, Enlightenment, Modernization, Religious response, 19th century, Religious movements

The Greek War of Independence legitimized the concept of small ethnically-based nation-states among other subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire

Tags: Greek War of Independence, Ottoman Empire, Nation-states, Nationalism, Jewish communities, Political change, 19th century, Jewish identity

John Nelson Darby's Plymouth Brethren is founded to propagate the Christian eschatological movement of dispensationalism, which teaches that God looks...

Tags: Plymouth Brethren, John Nelson Darby, Dispensationalism, Christian eschatology, Chosen people, Theology, Christian Zionism, 19th century

Greece grants citizenship to Jews.

Tags: Citizenship, Greece, Jewish Rights, European Emancipation, Political Rights, 19th century, Jewish communities

Jewish militias take part in the defense of Warsaw against Russians.

Tags: Polish Uprising, Warsaw, Jewish Militias, Military, Defense, Russia, Jewish participation, 19th century

Benjamin Disraeli, then 28 years old, writes The Wondrous Tale of Alroy about David Alroy's messianic mission to Jerusalem

Tags: Benjamin Disraeli, The Wondrous Tale of Alroy, Messianic, Literature, Jewish Nationalism, 19th century, David Alroy, British Literature

Muslims, Druze attack Jews in Safed, Hebron & in Jerusalem. (See related: Safed plunder).

Tags: Safed, Hebron, Jerusalem, Muslims, Druze, Violence, Religious conflict, 19th century, Persecution, Safed Plunder

Moses Haim Montefiore is knighted by Queen Victoria

Tags: Moses Montefiore, Knighthood, Queen Victoria, Philanthropy, Jewish Leadership, 19th century, British Empire, Jewish advocacy

Lord Lindsay travels to Palestine. In 1838 he wrote Letters on Egypt, Edom and the Holy Land in which he stated "Many I believe entertain the idea tha...

Tags: Lord Lindsay, Letters on Egypt, Edom and the Holy Land, Travel writing, Palestine, 19th century, Christian Zionism, Religious Views, Literary influence

Galilee earthquake of 1837 devastates Jewish communities of Safed and Tiberias.

Tags: Galilee, Earthquake, Safed, Tiberias, Natural disaster, Jewish communities, 19th century, Destruction

Rabbi Yisroel Meir ha-Kohen (Chofetz Chaim) opens an important yeshiva. He writes an authoritative Halakhic work, Mishnah Berurah.

Tags: Orthodox Judaism, Yeshiva, Halakha, Jewish Law, Liturgy, Mishnah Berurah, Rabbi Yisroel Meir ha-Kohen, Chofetz Chaim, 19th Century, Eastern Europe

Judah Alkalai publishes his pamphlet Darhei No'am (The Pleasant Paths) advocating the restoration of the Jews in the Land of Israel as a precursor to ...

Tags: Zionism, Early Zionism, Restoration, Judah Alkalai, Messianism, Land of Israel, Palestine, 19th Century, Jewish Nationalism

Lord Shaftesbury takes out a full-page advert in The Times addressed to the Protestant monarchs of Europe and entitled "The State and the rebirth of t...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Lord Shaftesbury, The Times, Palestine, Zionism, 19th Century, British Politics, Jewish Return, Galilee, Judea

The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland passes an Act on the Conversion of the Jews, and sends four Church of Scotland ministers, Andrew Bonar,...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Evangelism, Church of Scotland, Palestine, 19th Century, Religious Missions, Conversion, Holy Land

Lord Shaftesbury presents a paper to British Foreign Minister Lord Palmerston calling for the 'recall of the Jews to their ancient land'.

Tags: Lord Shaftesbury, Zionism, British Foreign Policy, Lord Palmerston, Palestine, 19th Century, Jewish Return, Diplomacy

Lord Palmerston writes to Lord Ponsonby, British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire: "There exists at the present time among the Jews dispersed over Eur...

Tags: Lord Palmerston, British Foreign Policy, Zionism, Jewish Settlement, Ottoman Empire, 19th Century, Palestine, Diplomacy, Jewish Emigration

David Levy Yulee of Florida is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first Jew elected to Congress.

Tags: David Levy Yulee, United States Senate, American Politics, Jewish American, 19th Century, Florida, Political Representation

George Gawler, previously the governor of South Australia, starts to encourage Jewish settlements in the land of Israel.

Tags: George Gawler, Zionism, Jewish Settlement, Palestine, 19th Century, South Australia, Colonialism

Correspondence between Moses Montefiore, the President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and Charles Henry Churchill, the British consul in Dam...

Tags: Moses Montefiore, Zionism, Political Zionism, Charles Henry Churchill, Board of Deputies of British Jews, Palestine, Damascus, 19th Century, Diplomacy

Nadir Baxter, of the Church Pastoral Aid Society, died in 1842 and donated £1,000 in his will, stating that it be paid "towards the political restorat...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Anglican Church, Restoration, Jerusalem, Nadir Baxter, Palestine, 19th Century, Testamentary Bequest

Mordecai Noah publishes Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews.

Tags: Mordecai Noah, Zionism, Restoration, American Jewry, 19th Century, Discourse, Jewish Nationalism

Rev. Samuel Bradshaw, in his Tract for the Times, Being a Plea for the Jews calls for Parliament to allot 4 million pounds for the Restoration of Isra...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Rev. Samuel Bradshaw, Restoration, Financial Support, Parliament, Palestine, 19th Century, Fundraising

Pastor T. Tully Crybace convenes a committee in London for the purpose of founding a "British and Foreign Society for Promoting the Restoration of the...

Tags: Christian Zionism, Pastor Crybace, Restoration, British and Foreign Society, Palestine, 19th Century, Euphrates to Nile, British Interests

According to one source, the Old Yishuv Jews constitute the largest of several ethno-religious groups in Jerusalem – however estimates approximately 2...

Tags: Old Yishuv, Jerusalem, Demographics, 19th Century, Jewish Community, Palestine

George Gawler publishes "Tranquilization of Syria and the East: Observations and Practical Suggestions, in Furtherance of the Establishment of Jewish ...

Tags: George Gawler, Jewish Colonies, Palestine, Zionism, 19th Century, Syria, Asiatic Turkey

George Gawler accompanies Sir Moses Montefiori on a trip to Palestine, persuading him to invest in and initiate Jewish settlements in the country.

Tags: Zionism, Jewish settlement, Palestine, Early Zionism, Moses Montefiore, Agricultural settlement, 19th century

James Finn and his wife found the "British Society for the Promotion of Jewish Agricultural Labour in the Holy Land"

Tags: Zionism, Jewish settlement, Palestine, Agricultural settlement, 19th century, British support

Norway allows Jews to enter the country. They are not emancipated until 1891.

Tags: Emancipation, Norway, Jewish rights, 19th century, Legal status

Correspondence between Lord Stanley, whose father became British Prime Minister the following year, and Benjamin Disraeli, who became Chancellor of th...

Tags: Zionism, Proto-Zionism, Benjamin Disraeli, British politics, Palestine, 19th century, Political thought

George Gawler founds the Association for Promoting Jewish Settlement in Palestine

Tags: Zionism, Jewish settlement, Palestine, 19th century, George Gawler, Settlement movement

Heinrich Graetz publishes History of the Jews (Geschichte der Juden), the first academic work portraying the Jews as a historical nation. Graetz's wor...

Tags: Historiography, Heinrich Graetz, Jewish history, Nationalism, 19th century, Academic work

Abraham Mapu publishes Ahabat Zion, the first Hebrew novel, a romance of the time of King Hezekiah and Isaiah

Tags: Hebrew literature, Abraham Mapu, Zionism, 19th century, Hebrew novel, Culture

James Finn, the second British Consul in Jerusalem, writes to Foreign Secretary the Earl of Clarendon regarding his proposal "to persuade Jews in a la...

Tags: Zionism, Jewish settlement, Palestine, Agricultural settlement, 19th century, British support, James Finn

Jews emancipated in England.

Tags: Emancipation, Jewish rights, United Kingdom, 19th century, Legal status

Alliance Israelite Universelle, an international Jewish organization is founded in Paris with the goal to protect Jewish rights as citizens.

Tags: Alliance Israelite Universelle, Jewish rights, International organization, 19th century, French Jewry, Advocacy

Jews are taking part in Polish national movement, that was followed by January rising.

Tags: Polish national movement, January Uprising, Polish Jews, 19th century, Political involvement

The Alliance Israélite Universelle is founded in Paris

Tags: Alliance Israelite Universelle, Jewish rights, International organization, 19th century, French Jewry, Advocacy

Henrietta Szold: educator, author, social worker and founder of Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America.

Tags: Henrietta Szold, Hadassah, Zionism, Social work, American Jewry, 19th century

Moshe Montefiori builds Jewish neighbourhoods outside the Old City of Jerusalem starting with Mishkenot Sha'ananim.

Tags: Jewish settlement, Jerusalem, Moshe Montefiore, 19th century, Urban development

The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Tags: Zionism, Frankfurt, 19th century, German Jewry, Early Zionism

The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany.

Tags: Zionism, Early Zionism, Frankfurt, Jewish Organizations, 19th Century, Diaspora

Mishkenot Sha'ananim — first neighborhood of the New Yishuv outside the Old City of Jerusalem, built by Sir Moses Montefiore.

Tags: Yishuv, New Yishuv, Jerusalem, Jewish Settlement, 19th Century, Sir Moses Montefiore

Jews are given equal rights in Russian-controlled Congress Poland. The privileges of some towns regarding prohibition of Jewish settlement are revoked...

Tags: Emancipation, Congress Poland, Moses Hess, Rome and Jerusalem, Labor Zionism, Zionism, 19th Century, Socialism

Zvi Hirsch Kalischer publishes Derishat Zion, maintains that the salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets, can come about only by self-help. Hi...

Tags: Zvi Hirsch Kalischer, Derishat Zion, Religious Zionism, 19th Century, Rabbinic Thought, Self-Help, Zionism

Moses Hess writes Rome and Jerusalem. The Last National Question (text) arguing for the Jews to return to the Land of Israel, and proposes a socialist...

Tags: Moses Hess, Rome and Jerusalem, Labor Zionism, Zionism, 19th Century, Socialism, Land of Israel

Jews emancipated in Hungary.

Tags: Emancipation, Hungary, 19th Century, Jewish Rights, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Equality

Mark Twain visits Palestine as part of a tour of what westerners call the Holy Land.

Tags: Mark Twain, Palestine, Holy Land, 19th Century, Travel, Cultural Observation

Benjamin Disraeli becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Though converted to Christianity as a child, he is the first person of Jewish descent ...

Tags: Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister, United Kingdom, Politics, Jewish Descent, 19th Century

Twain publishes The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims' Progress documenting his observations through his travels. He indicated he observed that P...

Tags: Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad, Palestine, Travel Literature, 19th Century, Observation

Jews emancipated in Italy.

Tags: Emancipation, Italy, 19th Century, Jewish Rights, Unification of Italy, Equality

Russian Zionist group Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) and Bilu (est. 1882) set up a series of Jewish settlements in the Land of Israel, financially aide...

Tags: Hovevei Zion, Bilu, Jewish Settlements, Land of Israel, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Hebrew, Zionism, 19th Century

Mikveh Israel, the first modern Jewish agricultural school and settlement was established in the Land of Israel by Charles Netter of the Alliance Isra...

Tags: Mikveh Israel, Agricultural School, Jewish Settlement, Charles Netter, Alliance Israélite Universelle, 19th Century, Zionism

The group Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) sets up 30 Jewish farming communities in the Land of Israel.

Tags: Hovevei Zion, Jewish Settlements, Land of Israel, Farming, 19th Century, Zionism

Jews emancipated in Germany.

Tags: Emancipation, Germany, 19th Century, Jewish Rights, Unification of Germany, Equality

Reform Judaism's Hebrew Union College is founded in Cincinnati. Its founder was Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, the architect of American Reform Judaism.

Tags: Hebrew Union College, Reform Judaism, Isaac Mayer Wise, American Judaism, Cincinnati, 19th Century

The English novelist George Eliot publishes the widely read novel Daniel Deronda, later cited by Henrietta Szold, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, and Emma Lazarus...

Tags: Zionism, Literature, Influence, George Eliot, Henrietta Szold, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Emma Lazarus, 19th Century

New Hampshire becomes the last state to give Jews equal political rights.

Tags: Equality, Political Rights, United States, Anti-Semitism, Legal History, Civil Rights, 19th Century

A German-language memorandum addressed to Disraeli and Bismarck is submitted to the Congress of Berlin by an anonymous Jewish group advocating the est...

Tags: Zionism, Congress of Berlin, Political Advocacy, Jewish Monarchy, Bismarck, Disraeli, Judah Leib Gordon, 19th Century

The first Hovevei Zion ("Lovers of Zion") groups were founded in Eastern Europe

Tags: Zionism, Hovevei Zion, Early Zionism, Organization, 19th Century, Movement, Eastern Europe

Galician poet Naphtali Herz Imber writes a poem Tikvatenu (Our Hope), later adopted as the Zionist hymn Hatikvah.

Tags: Zionism, Hatikvah, Jewish Anthem, Naphtali Herz Imber, Poetry, Culture, 19th Century

Petah Tikva is founded by religious pioneers from Jerusalem, led by Yehoshua Stampfer.

Tags: Zionism, Settlement, Petah Tikva, Land of Israel, Yehoshua Stampfer, First Aliyah, 19th Century, Religious Zionism

Petah Tikva is founded by Jerusalem Jews, but abandoned after difficulties. Resettled in 1882 with help from first aliyah.

Tags: Zionism, Settlement, Petah Tikva, Land of Israel, First Aliyah, Immigration, 19th Century

Laurence Oliphant publishes The land of Gilead, with excursions in the Lebanon which proposes a settlement under British protection while respecting O...

Tags: Zionism, Oliphant, British, Colonialism, Palestine, Ottoman Empire, 19th Century

On December 30–31, the First Congress of all Zionist Unions for the colonization of Palestine was held at Focșani, Romania.

Tags: Zionism, Congress, Focșani, Organization, Colonies, 19th Century

Eliezer ben Yehuda makes aliyah and leads efforts to revive Hebrew as a common spoken language.

Tags: Hebrew, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Language Revival, Zionism, Culture, Land of Israel, 19th Century

Three major waves of pogroms kill tens of thousands of Jews in Russia and Ukraine. More than two million Russian Jews emigrate in the period 1881–1920...

Tags: Pogroms, Anti-Semitism, Persecution, Emigration, Russia, Ukraine, 19th Century

Pogroms in the Russian Empire kill several Jews and injure large numbers, destroy thousands of Jewish homes, and motivate hundreds of thousands of Jew...

Tags: Pogroms, Anti-Semitism, Emigration, Persecution, Russian Empire, 19th Century, Violence

Over two million of the Russian Jews emigrate. Most go to the U.S., others elsewhere, some to the Land of Israel. The first group of Biluim organize i...

Tags: Emigration, Russia, United States, First Aliyah, Bilu, Migration, 19th Century

Leon Pinsker publishes pamphlet Autoemancipation (text) urging the Jewish people to strive for independence and national consciousness.

Tags: Zionism, Nationalism, Jewish Identity, Political Thought, Assimilation, Anti-Semitism, Ideology, Self-determination

The First Aliyah, a major wave of Jewish immigrants to build a homeland in Palestine.

Tags: Zionism, Aliyah, Immigration, Settlement, Land of Israel, 19th Century, Migration

Baron Edmond James de Rothschild begins buying land in the region of Palestine and financing Jewish agricultural settlements and industrial enterprise...

Tags: Zionism, Aliyah, Settlements, Philanthropy, Land Acquisition, Jewish Community, Ottoman Empire, Jewish Diaspora

The First Aliyah, major wave (estimated at 25,000–35,000) of Jewish immigration to Ottoman Palestine.

Tags: Zionism, Aliyah, Immigration, Jewish Community, Ottoman Empire, Settlement, Early Zionists, Jewish Diaspora

Rishon LeZion, Rosh Pinna, Zikhron Ya'akov are founded.

Tags: Zionism, Settlements, Aliyah, Jewish Community, Ottoman Empire, Pioneering, Land Development, Early Zionists

Rabbi Isaac Rülf publishes Aruchas Bas-Ammi, calling for a Hebrew-speaking Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Tags: Zionism, Homeland, Jewish Identity, Hebrew Language, Nationalism, Religious Zionism, Early Zionist Thought, Ottoman Empire

Katowice Conference headed by Leon Pinsker

Tags: Zionism, Political Organization, Jewish Nationalism, Leon Pinsker, Early Zionist Congresses, Self-determination, Anti-Semitism, Jewish Community

Rabbi Sabato Morais and Alexander Kohut begin to champion the Conservative Jewish reaction to American Reform, and establish The Jewish Theological Se...

Tags: Conservative Judaism, Jewish Education, Reform Judaism, American Judaism, Religious Thought, Jewish Theology, Morais, Sabato, Kohut, Alexander

The term "Zionism" is coined by an Austrian Jewish publicist Nathan Birnbaum in his journal Self Emancipation and was defined as the national movement...

Tags: Zionism, Jewish Nationalism, Terminology, Nathan Birnbaum, Ideology, Political Movement, Jewish Identity, Self Emancipation

Austrian publisher Nathan Birnbaum coins the term Zionism for Jewish nationalism in his journal Self Emancipation.

Tags: Zionism, Jewish Nationalism, Ideology, Nathan Birnbaum, Terminology, Self-determination, Jewish Identity, Political Thought

The Russian Tsarist government approves the establishment of "The Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria and Palestine", a ch...

Tags: Zionism, Philanthropy, Jewish Settlement, Ottoman Empire, Aid, Jewish Community, Odessa, Russian Jewry

Publication of the Blackstone Memorial petition

Tags: Zionism, Political Advocacy, American Support, Christian Zionism, Jewish Homeland, Petition, Public Opinion, Early Zionism

The Dreyfus affair makes the problem of antisemitism prominent in Western Europe.

Tags: Anti-Semitism, Dreyfus Affair, France, Jewish Persecution, Injustice, Political Scandal, Jewish Identity, Herzl

First published book by Sigmund Freud.

Tags: Psychology, Freud, Psychoanalysis, Jewish Intellectuals, Culture, Modernism, Influence, Vienna

After covering the trial and aftermath of Captain Dreyfus and witnessing the associated mass anti-semitic rallies in Paris, which included chants, "De...

Tags: Zionism, Herzl, Der Judenstaat, Anti-Semitism, Jewish State, Political Theory, Jewish Nationalism, Dreyfus Affair

Herzl, with the help of William Hechler, unsuccessfully approaches world leaders for assistance in the creation of a Jewish National Home but creates ...

Tags: Zionism, Herzl, Diplomacy, Political Movement, Jewish Homeland, Altneuland, Coexistence, Jewish State

In response to the Dreyfus affair, Theodor Herzl writes Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), advocating the creation of a free and independent Jewish st...

Tags: Zionism, Theodor Herzl, Jewish Nationalism, Political Philosophy, Jewish State, Self-determination, 19th Century, Modern Jewish History

The Bund (General Jewish Labour Bund) is formed in Russia.

Tags: Bundism, Jewish Socialism, Jewish Labour Movement, Anti-Zionism, Eastern Europe, 19th Century, Jewish Political Movements, Socialism

The First Zionist Congress was held at Basel, which brought the World Zionist Organization (WZO) into being.

Tags: Zionism, World Zionist Organization, Theodor Herzl, Political Zionism, Basel, Jewish Nationalism, 19th Century, Jewish Agency

The First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, urges "a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine" for Jews and establishes the World Zionist ...

Tags: Zionism, World Zionist Organization, Theodor Herzl, Political Zionism, Basel, Jewish Nationalism, Palestine, 19th Century

The Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) is founded under the name Federation of American Zionists.

Tags: Zionism, Zionist Organization of America, American Zionism, Political Zionism, Jewish Diaspora, 20th Century, Diaspora Zionism

Sholom Aleichem writes a Yiddish language pamphlet Why Do the Jews Need a Land of Their Own?

Tags: Yiddish Literature, Sholom Aleichem, Zionism, Culture, Jewish Identity, 19th Century, Jewish Nationalism, Literary Work

The French writer Émile Zola exposed the Dreyfus affair to the general public in a famously incendiary open letter to President Félix Faure to which t...

Tags: Dreyfus Affair, Anti-Semitism, Émile Zola, France, Injustice, Political Scandal, Jewish Persecution, 19th Century

Henry Pereira Mendes publishes Looking Ahead: twentieth century happenings, the premise of which is that the restoration of Jewish sovereignty over hi...

Tags: Zionism, Henry Pereira Mendes, Political Theory, Jewish Sovereignty, 19th Century, Prophecy, 20th Century

Fifth Zionist Congress establishes the Jewish National Fund.

Tags: Zionism, Jewish National Fund, Land Acquisition, Political Zionism, Basel, Jewish Agency, 20th Century, Palestine

Rabbi Dr. Solomon Schechter reorganizes the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and makes it into the flagship institution of Conservative Judaism.

Tags: Conservative Judaism, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Solomon Schechter, Religious Institutions, Modern Judaism, 20th Century, American Judaism

Herzl publishes the novel Altneuland (The Old New Land), which takes place in Palestine.

Tags: Zionism, Theodor Herzl, Altneuland, Utopian Novel, Jewish Literature, Palestine, 20th Century

Uganda Proposal for settlement in East Africa splits the 6th Zionist Congress. A committee is created to look into it.

Tags: Zionism, Uganda Proposal, Political Zionism, Theodor Herzl, Jewish Diaspora, Jewish Nationalism, 20th Century, Zionist Congress

St. Petersburg's Znamya newspaper publishes a literary hoax The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Kishinev Pogrom caused by accusations that Jews pract...

Tags: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Anti-Semitism, Hoax, Conspiracy Theory, 20th Century, Jewish Persecution, False Accusations

More pogroms in Russian Empire. Unlike the 1881 pogroms, which focused primarily on property damage, these pogroms resulted in the deaths of at least...

Tags: Pogroms, Russian Empire, Anti-Semitism, Kishinev Pogrom, Jewish Persecution, Eastern Europe, 20th Century, Violence against Jews

The Second Aliyah occurs. Approximately 40,000 Jews immigrated into Ottoman Palestine, mostly from Russia. The prime cause for the aliyah was mounti...

Tags: Aliyah, Zionism, Immigration, Palestine, Ottoman Empire, Russia, Anti-Semitism, Jewish Diaspora

1905 Russian Revolution accompanied by pogroms.

Tags: Pogroms, Anti-Semitism, Russia, Russian Revolution, Persecution, Pale of Settlement, Jewish Suffering, Violence

Tel Aviv is founded on sand dunes near Jaffa. Young Judaea, a Zionist youth movement, is founded.

Tags: Tel Aviv, Zionism, Urban Development, Young Judaea, Jewish Youth Movements, Palestine, Settlement, Culture

Antisemitic Zionist conspiracy theories regarding the Ottoman Young Turk ruling elite are fuelled within the British government through diplomatic cor...

Tags: Zionism, Anti-Semitism, British Government, Ottoman Empire, Conspiracy Theories, Political Intrigue, Diplomacy, Intelligence

S. An-sky's Jewish Ethnographic Expedition to the Pale of Settlement visited around 70 shtetls in Volyn, Podolia, and Galicia to collect folklore and ...

Tags: Ashkenazi Culture, Ethnography, Folklore, S. An-sky, Jewish History, Eastern Europe, Culture, Memory

Two months after the British declaration of war against the Ottomans, Herbert Samuel presents a detailed memorandum entitled The Future of Palestine t...

Tags: Palestine, British Protectorate, Herbert Samuel, Zionism, Jewish Immigration, World War I, British Cabinet, Political Strategy

McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, agreeing to give Arabia to Arabs, if Arabs will fight the Turks. The Arab Revolt began in June 1916.

Tags: Arab Revolt, World War I, McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, Ottoman Empire, Arab Nationalism, Political Agreements, Middle East, British Empire

Yeshiva College (later University) and its Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Rabbinical Seminary is established in New York City for training in a Modern Orthodox ...

Tags: Yeshiva University, Modern Orthodox, Jewish Education, United States, Rabbinical Seminary, Orthodox Judaism, Religious Institutions, New York City

Louis Brandeis, on the first of June, is confirmed as the United States' first Jewish Supreme Court justice. Brandeis was nominated by American Presid...

Tags: Louis Brandeis, Supreme Court, United States, Jewish American History, Civil Rights, Politics, American History, Judiciary

Britain and France sign the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement which details the proposed division of Arabia at the conclusion of World War I into French an...

Tags: Sykes-Picot Agreement, World War I, Middle East, British Empire, French Empire, Partitioning, Political Agreements, Imperialism

The British defeat the Turks and gain control of Palestine. The British issue the Balfour Declaration which gives official British support for "the es...

Tags: Balfour Declaration, Palestine, British Mandate, Zionism, World War I, Jewish Homeland, Ottoman Empire, Political Declaration

The British Government issues the Balfour Declaration which documented three main ideas: First, it declared official support from the British Governme...

Tags: Balfour Declaration, Zionism, Palestine, British Government, Jewish Homeland, World War I, Political Declaration, Jewish People

First, it declared official support from the British Government for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people", and pro...

Tags: Zionism, Balfour Declaration, British Mandate, Palestine, World War I, Jewish Homeland, Chaim Weizmann, Political Declaration

Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes-Picot Agreement in Izvestia and Pravda; it is subsequently printed in the Manchester G...

Tags: Sykes-Picot Agreement, Bolsheviks, World War I, Middle East, Secret Treaty, Russian Revolution, Imperialism

The Pale of Settlement is abolished, and Jews get equal rights. The Russian Civil War leads to over 2,000 pogroms with tens of thousands murdered and ...

Tags: Pale of Settlement, Pogroms, Russian Civil War, Anti-Semitism, Persecution, Russia, Jewish Suffering, Violence

The formation of the Jewish Legion (Zion Mule Corps), initiated in 1914 by Joseph Trumpeldor and Zeev Jabotinsky.

Tags: Jewish Legion, World War I, Zionism, Military History, Ottoman Empire, Palestine, Zion Mule Corps, Jewish Soldiers

T. E. Lawrence leads Arab militias to defeat various Turkish Garrisons in Arabia.

Tags: T.E. Lawrence, Arab Revolt, World War I, Ottoman Empire, Warfare, Military History, Middle East, Lawrence of Arabia

The period between the two World Wars is often referred to as the "golden age" of hazzanut (cantors). Some of the great Jewish cantors of this era inc...

Tags: Hazzanut, Cantors, Jewish Music, Golden Age, Culture, Jewish Art, Eastern Europe, Yiddish

The British Army gains control of Palestine with military occupation, as the Ottoman Empire collapses in World War I.

Tags: World War I, British Mandate, Palestine, Ottoman Empire, Military Occupation, Middle East, Allies

Massive pogroms accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 (the Russian Civil War), resulting in the death of an estimated 70,000 to 250,000 civilian ...

Tags: Pogroms, Russian Revolution, Civil War, Persecution, Antisemitism, Violence, Jewish Orphans, Eastern Europe

Tags: World War I, Civil War, Jewish Life

At the San Remo conference Britain receives the League of Nations' British Mandate of Palestine.

Tags: League of Nations, British Mandate, Palestine, San Remo Conference, Zionism, Political Mandate, Middle East

The San Remo conference of the Allied Supreme Council in Italy resulted in an agreement that a Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain would be reviewe...

Tags: San Remo Conference, British Mandate, Balfour Declaration, League of Nations, Palestine, Zionism, Political Agreement

A variety of Jewish authors, including Gertrude Stein, Allen Ginsberg, Saul Bellow, Adrienne Rich and Philip Roth, sometimes drawing on Jewish culture...

Tags: Jewish Literature, Anglophone Literature, Culture, Modernism, Gertrude Stein, Philip Roth, Influence, Jewish Identity

The Third Aliyah was triggered by the October Revolution in Russia, the ensuing pogroms there and in Poland and Hungary, the British conquest of Pales...

Tags: Aliyah, Zionism, Migration, Russian Revolution, Pogroms, Balfour Declaration, Palestine, Immigration

British military administration of the Mandate is replaced by civilian rule.

Tags: British Mandate, Civil Rule, Palestine, Administration, Governance, Political Transition

Britain proclaims that all of Palestine east of the Jordan River is forever closed to Jewish settlement, but not to Arab settlement.

Tags: Transjordan, British Mandate, Jewish Settlement, Partition, Palestine, Political Decision, Territorial Division

Histadrut, Haganah, Vaad Leumi are founded.

Tags: Histadrut, Haganah, Vaad Leumi, Zionism, Palestine, Jewish Institutions, Political Organizations, Labor Movement

Chaim Weizmann becomes new President of the WZO at the 12th Zionist Congress (the first since World War I).

Tags: Chaim Weizmann, World Zionist Organization, Zionism, Political Leadership, Zionist Congress, Leadership, Jewish Politics

Polish–Soviet peace treaty in Riga. Citizens of both sides are given rights to choose the country. Hundred thousands of Jews, especially small busines...

Tags: Polish-Soviet Treaty, Migration, Jews, Poland, Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Economic Opportunity

Britain grants autonomy to Transjordan under Crown Prince Abdullah.

Tags: British Mandate, Transjordan, Abdullah, Post-WWI, Political Development, Middle East Politics

Reform Rabbi Stephen S. Wise established the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. (It merged with Hebrew Union College in 1950.)

Tags: Reform Judaism, Education, Rabbinical Seminary, Stephen S. Wise, Hebrew Union College, 20th Century, Jewish Institutions

Britain gives the Golan Heights to the French Mandate of Syria. Arab immigration is allowed; Jewish immigration is not.

Tags: Mandate System, Golan Heights, French Mandate of Syria, British Mandate for Palestine, Territorial Disputes, Post-WWI, Arab Immigration, Jewish Immigration

The offer of a Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain from the San Remo conference is confirmed by the League of Nations.

Tags: League of Nations, Mandate for Palestine, British Mandate, Zionism, San Remo Conference, Post-WWI, International Law, Political Recognition

Mandate for Palestine to Great Britain comes into effect.

Tags: British Mandate, Palestine, Zionism, Post-WWI, Territorial Control, Political Development, International Politics, Mandate System

Britain cedes the Golan Heights to the French Mandate of Syria.

Tags: British Mandate, Golan Heights, French Mandate, Territorial Disputes, Post-WWI, Middle East Politics

Jabotinsky establishes the revisionist party Hatzohar and its youth movement, Betar.

Tags: Revisionist Zionism, Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Hatzohar, Betar, Zionist Movement, Political Parties, 20th Century, Right-Wing Zionism

Palestine Jewish Colonization Association established by Edmond James de Rothschild

Tags: Zionism, Colonization, Edmond James de Rothschild, Palestine, Jewish Settlement, 20th Century, Land Acquisition

2,989,000 Jews according to religion poll in Poland (10.5% of total). Jewish youth consisted 23% of students of high schools and 26% of students of un...

Tags: Demographics, Poland, Jewish Population, Education, Interwar Period, 20th Century, Social Statistics

Prior to World War I, there were few Hasidic yeshivas in Europe. On Lag BaOmer 1926, Rabbi Shlomo Chanoch Hacohen Rabinowicz, the fourth Radomsker Reb...

Tags: Hasidism, Yeshivas, Keser Torah, Rabbi Shlomo Chanoch Hacohen Rabinowicz, Education, Pre-War Poland, Torah Study, Orthodox Judaism

The Fourth Aliyah was a direct result of the economic crisis and anti-Jewish policies in Poland, along with the introduction of stiff immigration quot...

Tags: Aliyah, Immigration, Zionism, British Mandate, Economic Crisis, Anti-Jewish Policies, Migration Patterns, 20th Century

A long-running dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem escalates into the 1929 Palestine riots. The riots includ...

Tags: 1929 Palestine Riots, Arab-Jewish Conflict, Hebron Massacre, Safed Massacre, Western Wall, Violence, British Mandate, Zionism, Intercommunal Violence

World Jewry: 15,000,000. Main countries USA (4,000,000), Poland (3,500,000 11% of total), Soviet Union (2,700,000 2% of total), Romania (1,000,000 6% ...

Tags: Demographics, Jewish Population, World Jewry, United States, Poland, Soviet Union, Palestine, 20th Century

The Zionist Federation of Australia is established in Melbourne.

Tags: Zionism, Australia, Zionist Federation, Melbourne, Jewish Diaspora, Political Organization

Assassination of Haim Arlosoroff, a left-wing Zionist leader, thought to have been killed by right-wing Zionists

Tags: Zionism, Political Violence, Labor Zionism, Right-wing Zionism, Internal Conflict, Jewish Community, Mandatory Palestine, Assassination

Hitler takes over Germany; his anti-Semitic sentiments are well-known, prompting numerous Jews to emigrate.

Tags: Nazi Germany, Hitler, Anti-Semitism, Emigration, Jewish Exodus, Holocaust, 1930s, Persecution

The Fifth Aliyah was primarily a result of the Nazi accession to power in Germany (1933) and later throughout Europe. Persecution and the Jews' worsen...

Tags: Aliyah, Zionism, Immigration, Nazi Germany, British Mandate, Jewish Diaspora, Mandatory Palestine, Refugees

Regina Jonas became the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi.

Tags: Rabbi, Women in Judaism, Religious Leadership, Reform Judaism, Equality, Ordination, Jewish History, Gender roles

The British propose a partition between Jewish and Arab areas. It is rejected by both parties.

Tags: Zionism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Partition Plan, British Mandate, Political Negotiations, Two-state solution, Jewish Agency, Arab Higher Committee

Adin Steinsaltz born, author of the first comprehensive Babylonian Talmud commentary since Rashi in the 11th century.

Tags: Talmud, Jewish Scholarship, Commentary, Religious Thought, Modern Orthodox, Jewish Education, Rashi, Scholar

Aliyah Bet: Jewish refugees flee Germany because of persecution under the Nazi government with many turned away as illegal because of the British-impo...

Tags: Aliyah Bet, Illegal Immigration, Nazi Persecution, British Mandate, Jewish Refugees, Zionism, Immigration Restriction, Holocaust (Precursor)

The Holocaust (Ha Shoah), resulting in the methodical extermination of nearly 6 million Jews across Europe.

Tags: Holocaust, Nazi Germany, Genocide, World War II, Extermination, Jewish History, Antisemitism, Shoah, Concentration Camps, Final Solution

The British government issues the 'White Paper'. The paper proposed a limit of 10,000 Jewish immigrants for each year between 1940 and 1944, plus 25,0...

Tags: British Mandate, White Paper of 1939, Immigration Restriction, Zionism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, World War II, Political Policy, Palestine

Great Uprising by Arabs against British rule and Jewish immigration.

Tags: Arab Revolt, British Mandate, Zionism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Political Violence, Jewish Immigration, Great Uprising, Palestinian Arabs

Various Jewish filmmakers, including Billy Wilder, Woody Allen, Mel Brooks and the Coen Brothers, frequently draw on Jewish philosophy and humor, and ...

Tags: Film, Jewish Culture, Hollywood, Comedy, Jewish Humor, Cultural Influence, Billy Wilder, Woody Allen, Mel Brooks, Coen Brothers

The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Schneerson, arrives in New York after escaping Nazi Europe. Along with his father-in-law, the previous Rebbe, he...

Tags: Chabad-Lubavitch, Hasidism, Religious Leadership, Rebbe, Orthodox Judaism, Jewish Outreach, New York, Menachem Schneerson

The Muslim residents of Baghdad carried out a savage pogrom against their Jewish compatriots. In this pogrom, known by its Arabic name al-Farhud, abou...

Tags: Pogrom, Antisemitism, Iraq, Jewish Community, Al-Farhud, Violence, Persecution, Baghdad

The British government issues the White Paper of 1939, which sets a limit of 75,000 on Jewish immigration to Palestine for the next five years and inc...

Tags: British Mandate, White Paper of 1939, Immigration Restriction, Zionism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, World War II, Political Policy, Palestine

The Biltmore Conference makes a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy and demands "that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwea...

Tags: Zionism, Biltmore Program, Jewish State, Political Aims, World War II, Post-War Planning, United States, Jewish Agency

Post-Holocaust refugee crisis. British attempts to detain Jews attempting to enter Palestine illegally.

Tags: Post-Holocaust, Refugees, Jewish Immigration, British Mandate, Aliyah, Illegal Immigration, Displaced Persons, Exodus

The violent struggle for the creation of a Jewish state in the British mandate of Palestine is intensified by Jewish defense groups: Haganah, Irgun, a...

Tags: Zionism, Mandatory Palestine, Haganah, Irgun, Lehi, Jewish Nationalism, Conflict, British Mandate, Independence, Paramilitary

The United Nations approves the creation of a Jewish State and an Arab State in the British mandate of Palestine.

Tags: United Nations, Partition Plan, Zionism, Mandatory Palestine, Two-State Solution, Arab-Israeli Conflict, International Relations, Diplomacy, Statehood, Jewish State

The One Million Plan becomes official Zionist policy

Tags: Zionism, Immigration, Jewish Agency, Aliyah, Post-Holocaust, Jewish Immigration, Policy, Population Growth, Demographics, Jewish State

The United Nations approves partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. It is accepted by the Jews, but rejected by the Arab leaders (See ).

Tags: United Nations, Partition Plan, Zionism, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Mandatory Palestine, Statehood, Diplomacy, Jewish State, Rejection, Political Division

Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel

Tags: State of Israel, Declaration, Independence, Zionism, Jewish State, Establishment, Mandatory Palestine, David Ben-Gurion, Political, Self-determination

1948 Arab–Israeli War: Syria, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon and Egypt invade Israel hours after its creation. The attack is repulsed, and Israel conquers...

Tags: Arab-Israeli War, 1948, War, Independence, Exodus, Jewish Refugees, Zionism, State of Israel, Armistice Agreements, Conflict

Almost 250,000 Holocaust survivors make their way to Israel. "Operation Magic Carpet" brings thousands of Yemenite Jews to Israel.

Tags: Aliyah, Holocaust, Immigration, Zionism, Migration, Operation Magic Carpet, Refugees, Post-War, Jewish Diaspora, Yemenite Jews

Five neighboring Arab countries invade, and the 1948 Arab–Israeli war ensues.

Tags: Arab-Israeli War, 1948, War, Invasion, Conflict, Zionism, State of Israel, Arab League, Military, Geopolitics

The 1956 Suez War Egypt blockades the Gulf of Aqaba, and closes the Suez canal to Israeli shipping. Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser calls for the...

Tags: Suez Crisis, Suez Canal, Blockade, War, Egypt, Israel, France, United Kingdom, International Relations, Geopolitics

The 1948 Arab–Israeli war ends.

Tags: Arab-Israeli War, Armistice, Conflict Resolution, State of Israel, War, Geopolitics, Middle East, Territorial Disputes, Ceasefire, 1948

Jewish-Christian relations are revolutionized by the Roman Catholic Church's Vatican II.

Tags: Vatican II, Catholic Church, Interfaith Dialogue, Jewish-Christian Relations, Religious Tolerance, Ecumenism, Antisemitism, Theology, Dialogue, Reconciliation

Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax refuses to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur.

Tags: Sandy Koufax, Yom Kippur, Baseball, World Series, Jewish Identity, Sports, Culture, Religion, Athletes, American Judaism

Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888–1970) becomes the first Hebrew writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature.

Tags: Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nobel Prize, Literature, Hebrew Literature, Culture, Jewish Identity, Modern Hebrew, Israel, Writer, Recognition

The Arab Leaders meet in Khartoum, Sudan. The Three No's of Khartoum: No recognition of Israel. No negotiations with Israel. No peace with Israel.

Tags: Khartoum, Arab League, Israel, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Politics, Diplomacy, No Recognition, No Negotiation, No Peace

Egyptian President Nasser demands that the UN dismantle the UN Emergency Force I (UNEF I) between Israel and Egypt. The UN complies and the last UN pe...

Tags: Six-Day War, United Nations, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, Israel, International Relations, Conflict, Borders

Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser closes the strategic Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. Egyptian troops replace the United Nations in the Sin...

Tags: Six-Day War, Straits of Tiran, Egypt, Israel, Blockade, Military, Strategic Waterways, War

The Six-Day War. Israel launches a pre-emptive strike against Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Israeli aircraft destroy the bulk of the Arab air forces on th...

Tags: Six-Day War, Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Territorial Expansion, Military Conflict, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Golan Heights, West Bank

Suez Crisis between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other.

Tags: Suez Crisis, Egypt, United Kingdom, France, Israel, Warfare, International Relations, Cold War, Imperialism

Six-Day War with Egypt, Jordan and Syria, assisted by forces from Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Sudan and the Palestine Libera...

Tags: Six-Day War, Israel, Arab States, Military Conflict, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), War, Regional Conflict

Rabbi Mordechai Kaplan formally creates a separate Reconstructionist Judaism movement by setting up the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Philad...

Tags: Reconstructionist Judaism, Mordechai Kaplan, Religious Movement, Philadelphia, Jewish Thought, Modern Judaism, Rabbinical College

First group of African Hebrew Israelites begin to migrate to Israel under the leadership of Ben Ammi Ben Israel.

Tags: African Hebrew Israelites, Ben Ammi Ben Israel, Migration, Israel, Diaspora, Religious Community, Aliyah, African Diaspora

Growing revival of Klezmer music (The folk music of European Jews).,

Tags: Klezmer, Music, Jewish Culture, Folk Music, Revival, Diaspora, Yiddish Culture, Eastern Europe

Sally Priesand became the first female rabbi ordained in the US, and is believed to be only the second woman ever to be formally ordained in the histo...

Tags: Sally Priesand, Rabbi, Female Rabbi, Ordination, Reform Judaism, Religious Leadership, Gender Equality, United States

Mark Spitz sets the record for most gold medals won in a single Olympic Games (seven) in the 1972 Summer Olympics. The Munich massacre occurs when Isr...

Tags: Munich Massacre, Black September, Terrorism, Olympics, Hostage Crisis, Israel, Persecution, Political Violence, Sports

The Yom Kippur War. Egypt and Syria, backed up by expeditionary forces from other Arab nations, launch a surprise attack against Israel on Yom Kippur....

Tags: Yom Kippur War, Israel, Egypt, Syria, Arab-Israeli Conflict, War, Surprise Attack, OPEC, Oil Crisis, Military

War of Attrition between Egypt and Israel.

Tags: War of Attrition, Egypt, Israel, Military Conflict, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Border Disputes, Warfare, Military

President Gerald Ford signs legislation including the Jackson–Vanik amendment, which ties US trade benefits to the Soviet Union to freedom of emigrati...

Tags: Jackson-Vanik Amendment, United States, Soviet Union, Emigration, Human Rights, Politics, Cold War, Jewish Emigration

United Nations adopts resolution equating Zionism with racism. Rescinded in 1991.

Tags: United Nations, Zionism, Racism, Anti-Zionism, International Relations, Politics, Resolution, Israel, Human Rights

Yom Kippur War with Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq against Israel.

Tags: Arab-Israeli Conflict, War, Middle East, Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Cold War

Israel rescues hostages taken to Entebbe, Uganda.

Tags: Israel, Terrorism, Hostage Crisis, Military Operation, Entebbe, PLO, Africa

At Camp David, near Washington D.C., Israel and Egypt sign a comprehensive peace treaty, The Camp David Accord, which included the withdrawal of Israe...

Tags: Peace Treaty, Israel, Egypt, Camp David, Middle East, Politics, Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter

Yiddish writer Isaac Bashevis Singer receives Nobel Prize

Tags: Yiddish Literature, Nobel Prize, Literature, Culture, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Poland, United States

Prime Minister Menachem Begin and President Anwar Sadat are awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

Tags: Nobel Peace Prize, Politics, Israel, Egypt, Camp David Accords, Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 equates Zionism with racism.

Tags: Anti-Semitism, Zionism, United Nations, Politics, Racism, International Relations

Operation Elijah: Rescue of Ethiopian Jewry.

Tags: Ethiopian Jews, Aliyah, Migration, Rescue, Israel, Africa

Egypt–Israel peace treaty is signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin.

Tags: Peace Treaty, Israel, Egypt, Politics, Middle East, Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin

The Lebanon War. Israel invades Southern Lebanon to drive out the PLO.

Tags: Israel, Lebanon, PLO, War, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Middle East

American Reform Jews formally accept patrilineal descent, creating a new definition of who is a Jew.

Tags: Reform Judaism, Jewish Law, Patrilineal Descent, Religion, United States

Operations Moses, Joshua: Rescue of Ethiopian Jewry by Israel.

Tags: Ethiopian Jews, Aliyah, Migration, Rescue, Israel, Africa

Nathan Sharansky, Soviet Jewish dissident, is freed from prison.

Tags: Soviet Jewry, Human Rights, Dissident, Politics, Nathan Sharansky, Soviet Union

Elie Wiesel wins the Nobel Peace Prize

Tags: Nobel Peace Prize, Elie Wiesel, Holocaust, Literature, Culture, United States

Beginning of the First Intifada against Israel.

Tags: Intifada, Palestinians, Israel, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Politics, Middle East

Fall of the Berlin Wall between East and West Germany, collapse of the communist East German government, and the beginning of Germany's reunification ...

Tags: Berlin Wall, Germany, Cold War, Politics, Reunification, Europe

Iraq invades Kuwait, triggering a war between Iraq and Allied United Nations forces. Israel is hit by 39 Scud missiles from Iraq.

Tags: Gulf War, Scud Missiles, War, Middle East Conflict, Military, 1990s, Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, International Relations, Geopolitics, Security

The Soviet Union opens its borders for the three million Soviet Jews who had been held as virtual prisoners within their own country. Hundreds of thou...

Tags: Aliyah, Soviet Jewry, Immigration, Exodus, Human Rights, Zionism, Cold War, Jewish Identity, Diaspora, 1990s

The Madrid Peace Conference opens in Spain, sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union.

Tags: Peace Process, Middle East Conflict, Diplomacy, United Nations, Negotiation, 1990s, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, International Relations, United States, Soviet Union

1982 Lebanon War with Syria and Lebanon against Israel.

Tags: Lebanon War, War, Middle East Conflict, Military, 1980s, Syria, Israel Defense Forces, Geopolitics, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Security

Operation Solomon: Rescue of the remainder of Ethiopian Jewry in a twenty-four-hour airlift.

Tags: Aliyah, Ethiopian Jews, Rescue, Immigration, Zionism, Jewish Diaspora, Humanitarian Aid, Operation Solomon, 1990s, Africa

Israel and PLO sign the Oslo Accords.

Tags: Peace Process, Oslo Accords, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Diplomacy, Politics, Negotiation, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, 1990s, Middle East

The UN GA resolution 3379 is revoked by Resolution 4686.

Tags: United Nations, Zionism, Anti-Semitism, Politics, International Relations, Human Rights, Israel, Equality, 1990s, Diplomacy

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum dedicated.

Tags: Holocaust Remembrance, Museum, Memory, World War II, Jewish History, Education, Persecution, Anti-Semitism, United States, 1990s

Israel and Jordan sign an official peace treaty. Israel cedes a small amount of contested land to Jordan, and the countries open official diplomatic r...

Tags: Peace Treaty, Israel, Jordan, Diplomacy, Middle East Conflict, Borders, Politics, 1990s, King Hussein, Yitzhak Rabin

Arafat, Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres share the Nobel Peace Prize.

Tags: Nobel Peace Prize, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Peace Process, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1990s, Diplomacy, Politics, Awards

The Oslo Accords are signed by Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, U.S. Secretary of State ...

Tags: Oslo Accords, Peace Process, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Mahmoud Abbas, Shimon Peres, Diplomacy, Politics, 1990s, International Relations, Agreements

The Lubavitcher (Chabad) Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, dies.

Tags: Chabad, Hasidism, Rebbe, Religious Leader, Jewish Leadership, Orthodox Judaism, 1990s, Jewish Community, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Religion

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated.

Tags: Assassination, Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Politics, Peace Process, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Politics, Violence, Tragedy, 1990s, Political Violence

Peres loses election to Benyamin (Bibi) Netanyahu (Likud party).

Tags: Israeli Elections, Politics, Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud Party, Shimon Peres, 1990s, Israeli Politics, Leadership, Political Shift, Middle East

Ehud Barak elected Prime Minister of Israel.

Tags: Politics, Israel, Prime Minister, Ehud Barak, Israeli Politics, Elections, 20th Century, Zionism

Camp David Summit.

Tags: Politics, Middle East Peace Process, Camp David, Israel, Palestine, Negotiations, 21st Century, United States, Conflict

Senator Joseph Lieberman becomes the first Jewish-American to be nominated for a national office (Vice President of the United States) by a major poli...

Tags: Politics, United States, Vice President, Jewish American, Joseph Lieberman, Democratic Party, 21st Century, Civil Rights, Inclusion

Israel unilaterally withdraws its remaining forces from its security zone in southern Lebanon to the international border, fully complying with the UN...

Tags: Warfare, Israel, Lebanon, Withdrawal, Border, United Nations, 21st Century, Conflict, Security Zone

The al-Aqsa Intifada begins.

Tags: Warfare, Israel, Palestine, Intifada, Conflict, Violence, 21st Century, Politics, Middle East, Palestinian

Election of Ariel Sharon as Israel's Prime Minister.

Tags: Politics, Israel, Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, Israeli Politics, Elections, 21st Century, Zionism

Jewish Museum of Turkey is founded by Turkish Jewry

Tags: Culture, Museum, Turkey, Jewish Community, History, 21st Century, Preservation, Diaspora

Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover of the Technion win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast builds its first synagogue, Birobid...

Tags: Religion, Nobel Prize, Science, Birobidzhan, Synagogue, African Hebrew Israelites, IDF, 21st Century, Jewish Life, Community

The Government of Israel withdraws its military forces and settlers from the Gaza Strip.

Tags: Politics, Israel, Gaza Strip, Withdrawal, Palestine, Conflict, 21st Century, Settlements, Disengagement

Prime Minister Ariel Sharon falls into a coma; Deputy Premier Ehud Olmert takes over as Acting Prime Minister

Tags: Politics, Israel, Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, Ehud Olmert, Leadership, 21st Century, Health, Succession

The Government of Israel officially recognizes the Bnei Menashe people of Northeast India as one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, opening the door fo...

Tags: Migration, Bnei Menashe, India, Israel, Lost Tribes, Immigration, 21st Century, Aliyah, Diaspora

Ehud Olmert leads the Kadima party to victory in Israeli elections, becomes Prime Minister of Israel.

Tags: Politics, Israel, Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, Israeli Politics, Kadima, 21st Century, Elections, Zionism

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated.

Tags: Persecution, Israel, Assassination, Yitzhak Rabin, Politics, Violence, 20th Century, Peace Process, Extremism

A military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel started on July 12, after a Hezbollah cross-border raid into Israel. The war ended with the passage...

Tags: Warfare, Israel, Lebanon, Hezbollah, Conflict, 21st Century, United Nations, Military, Middle East

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launches Operation Cast Lead (מבצע עופרת יצוקה) against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.

Tags: Warfare, Israel, Gaza, Hamas, Conflict, 21st Century, Military Operation, Middle East, Palestinian

Benjamin Netanyahu becomes Prime Minister of Israel (also, continues as the Chairman of the Likud Party).

Tags: Politics, Israel, Prime Minister, Likud Party, Netanyahu, 21st Century, Leadership, Government, Middle East Politics, Zionism

Ariel Sharon dies, after undergoing a sudden decline in health, having suffered renal failure and other complications, after spending 8 years in a dee...

Tags: Israel, Politics, Death, Ariel Sharon, Military, Prime Minister, 21st Century, Middle East, Zionism, Leadership

The Jewish Agency declares an end to immigration from Yemen, following the successful conclusion of a covert operation that brought 19 people to Israe...

Tags: Immigration, Yemen, Jewish Agency, Israel, Middle East, Diaspora, 21st Century, Aliyah, Zionism, Rescue

The United States extends formal recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

Tags: Politics, Israel, United States, Jerusalem, Capital, Diplomacy, 21st Century, Middle East Politics, Foreign Relations, Zionism

The United States became the first country to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the Golan heights territory which it held since 1967.

Tags: Politics, Israel, United States, Golan Heights, Territory, Diplomacy, 21st Century, Middle East Politics, Foreign Relations, Zionism

Israel and the United Arab Emirates sign a peace treaty.

Tags: Politics, Israel, Peace Treaty, United Arab Emirates, Diplomacy, 21st Century, Middle East Politics, Foreign Relations, Normalization, Zionism

45 people are killed in the 2021 Meron stampede during Lag BaOmer.

Tags: Religion, Israel, Lag BaOmer, Tragedy, 21st Century, Jewish Culture, Ultra-Orthodox, Meron, Religious observance, Community

In the day considered the deadliest for Jews since the Holocaust, as well as deadliest day in Israel's history, 1,390 people are killed in the 2023 Ha...

Tags: Warfare, Israel, Hamas, Gaza, 21st Century, Conflict, Terrorism, Middle East Conflict, Violence, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict